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1.
Clinics ; 69(11): 770-776, 11/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-731101

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of infections and HIV-infected individuals are frequently susceptible to this pathogen. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify both the risk factors associated with colonization/infection by methicillin-resistant S. aureus in HIV patients and the methods used for characterization of isolates. An electronic search of articles published between January 2001 and December 2013 was first conducted. Among 116 studies categorized as being at a quality level of A, B or C, only 9 studies were considered to have high methodological quality (level A). The majority of these studies were retrospective (4/9 studies). The risk factors associated with colonization/infection by S. aureus were use of antimicrobials (4/9 studies), previous hospitalization (4/9 studies) and low CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (<200 cells/μl) (3/9 studies). Culture in mannitol salt agar (3/9 studies) and the latex agglutination test (5/9 studies) were the main methods used for bacterial phenotypic identification. Genotypic profiles were accessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (6/9 studies) and USA300 was the most prevalent lineage (5/9 studies). Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (3/9 studies) and susceptible to vancomycin (4/9 studies). Ultimately, use of antimicrobials and previous hospitalization were the main risk factors for colonization/infection by methicillin-resistant S. aureus in HIV-infected individuals. However, the numbers of evaluated patients, the exclusion and inclusion criteria and the characterization of the S. aureus isolates were not uniform, which made it difficult to establish the characteristics associated with HIV patients who are colonized/infected by S. aureus.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/microbiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Methicillin Resistance , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development , Risk Factors
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(7): 944-947, 11/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728804

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy remains a challenge. Reviews by expert dermatopathologists and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results obtained from 66 single-plaque biopsy samples were compared. Histological findings were graded as high (HP), medium (MP) or low (LP) probability of leprosy or other dermatopathy (OD). Mycobacterium leprae-specific genes were detected using qPCR. The biopsies of 47 out of 57 clinically diagnosed patients who received multidrug therapy were classified as HP/MP, eight of which were qPCR negative. In the LP/OD (n = 19), two out of eight untreated patients showed positive qPCR results. In the absence of typical histopathological features, qPCR may be utilised to aid in final patient diagnosis, thus reducing overtreatment and delay in diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/diagnosis , Mycobacterium leprae/genetics , Skin/pathology , Biopsy/classification , Decision Support Techniques , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/classification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Skin/injuries , Tertiary Care Centers
3.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 7(Suplemento 1): 51-51, jun. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-880806

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Ex-votos são objetos deixados em salas de milagres dos santuários das igrejas católicas, como forma de agradecimento a um milagre alcançado. Os objetos são apresentados em diversas formas, partes do corpo humano, fotografias, cartas, quadros pictóricos, dentre outros objetos que identifiquem a graça recebida. No Brasil, trata-se de uma tradição que surgiu no século XVIII. Em Juazeiro existe o casarão que foi construído em 1907 pelo Padre Cícero Romão Batista, na Colina do Horto. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os ex-votos doados aos santos em favor de uma súplica atendida em Juazeiro do Norte ­ CE, elucidando a diversidade de significados desses objetos religiosos. Metodologia: É um estudo quantitativo de natureza exploratória. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de 22 de abril a 10 de maio de 2012 com 20 pessoas escolhidas aleatoriamente, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada contendo 14 questões. Realizada no Horto, situado em Juazeiro do Norte, estado do Ceará. Resultados: Fizeram parte do estudo 20 sujeitos, entre esses 13 mulheres (65%) e 7 homens (35%), ficando notório a predominância feminina no âmbito da pesquisa. A população investigada é constituída na sua totalidade (100%) por nordestinos, compreendendo entre cearenses (65%), pernambucanos (20%), alagoanos (10%) e norte rio grandense (5%). Em relação as graças desejadas, pôde-se observar que o grande contingente almeja a cura de doenças como prioridade (13 pessoas). Conclusão: O estudo nos permite concluir que o sujeito, ao passar por momentos críticos, procura por um poder sagrado que possa dar um significado a sua vida. Isso ocorre em especial pelas condições de vida e pela precariedade financeira dos devotos, que buscam, através da religião, ao invés de outras práticas políticas, um sentido para seu sofrimento, sua doença e a resolução de diversas situações diárias que necessitam de uma justificativa e de um significado.


Subject(s)
Religion , Saints , Life
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