ABSTRACT
To determine Salmonella spp. prevalence/seroprevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factor identification associated with its presence in Colombian swine farms. 504 samples (Faeces, swabs and environment samples) were obtained from 21 farms distributed in four geographical regions in Colombia. Salmonella spp. microbiological and molecular detection were determined by two Salmonella spp. MDS3M™ and MALDI-TOF MS assays, respectively. In addition, for serological evaluation 231 serum samples were analyzed employing ELISA Salmonella Pigtype®-Salmonella Ab (QUIAGEN®). Additionally, 41 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using broth microdilution technique (Panel B1016-180 Beckman Coulter NC72®) and verified with WHONET 2016 software. Risk factors were assessed from a survey and analyzed for statistical significance by U Mann-Whitney test. An 8.9% prevalence (n=45) and 38.1% (n=88) seroprevalence were determined. All isolates presented 100% antimicrobial susceptibility against amikacin. However, resistance against penicillin, tetracycline, cefuroxime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was present in more than 50% of evaluated strains. Risk factors associated with Salmonella spp. presence were surface water use, rough-surfaced on floors, presence of hoppers as feeders and worker's boots. Bacteria were present in animals and environmental samples from evaluated farms. Animal contact and/or exposure with the microorganism were also evident in obtained serological response. Bacteria presence depended on management practices and infrastructure, likewise antibiotic use, supplemented in the diet may have induced an increase in Salmonella spp. antimicrobial resistance.(AU)
Para determinar Salmonellaspp. prevalência/soroprevalência, padrões de resistência antimicrobiana e identificação de fatores de risco associados à sua presença em granjas suínas colombianas. Foram obtidas 504 amostras (fezes, zaragatoas e amostras do ambiente) de 21 fazendas distribuídas em quatro regiões geográficas da Colômbia. Salmonella spp., a detecção microbiológica e molecular foi determinada por 2 Salmonella spp. Ensaios MDS3M™ e MALDI-TOF MS, respectivamente. Além disso, para avaliação sorológica, foram analisadas 231 amostras de soro empregando ELISA Salmonella Pigtype® - Salmonella Ab (QUIAGEN®). Além disso, 41 isolados foram testados quanto à suscetibilidade antimicrobiana usando a técnica de microdiluição em caldo (Painel B1016-180 Beckman Coulter NC72®) e verificados com o software WHONET 2016. Os fatores de risco foram avaliados em uma pesquisa e analisados quanto à significância estatística pelo teste U Mann-Whitney. Foram determinadas prevalências de 8,9% (n=45) e 38,1% (n=88). Todos os isolados apresentaram 100% de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana à amicacina. No entanto, resistência à penicilina, tetraciclina, cefuroxima e trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol estava presente em mais de 50% das cepas avaliadas. Fatores de risco associados à Salmonella spp., presença de uso de água de superfície, superfície áspera no chão, presença de tremonhas como alimentadores e botas de trabalho. Bactérias estavam presentes em animais e amostras ambientais de fazendas avaliadas. O contato animal e/ou a exposição ao microrganismo também foram evidentes na resposta sorológica obtida. A presença de bactérias dependia de práticas de manejo e infraestrutura, assim como o uso de antibióticos suplementados na dieta pode ter induzido um aumento de Salmonella spp. resistência antimicrobiana.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Sus scrofa/microbiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory of the snakebite accidents in children and adults of both genders who were hospitalized in the Institute of Tropical Medicine in the period January 2009 to February 2010.Materiales Methods: Retrospective, observational, transverse section. Results and Conclusion: From a total of 126 cases of snakebite accidents. The males had higher prevalence 71.4% (90/126), aged between 10-19 years to 23.3% (29/126). The most frequent cases in 2009 February was 16% (20/126) and 2010 January 14% (14/126). What differs with the study of Vera, Caceres Paez and Gamarra, Paraguay it was found that the months with the highest incidence of snakebite accidents is March and abril. 8 regard to the health region the department with more cases was Cordillera with 26.2% (33/126). The genus Bothrops sp. was responsible for the increased frequency of accidents. The most common clinical manifestations were local: 37% (45% / 126) Edema and 28% (37/126) pain. The most obvious complications were 33% (8 / 24) acute renal failure, 29% (7 / 22) anemia, 13% (3 / 24) Disseminated intravascular coagulation, 13% (3 / 24) Necrosis, 8% (2 / 24) Cellulite and 4% (1 / 24) abscesses. Regarding laboratory data, we observed that 75% (95/126) of prothrombin time values were decreased 59% (74/126) Partial Prothrombin Time increased to 64% (81/126) Fibrinogen decreased. While, 70.6% (89/126) of urea and 54.5% (67/123) of creatinine was within normal limits
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y laboratoriales de los accidentes por mordeduras de serpientes en niños y adultos hospitalizados en Instituto de Medicina Tropical en el periodo de enero del 2009 al febrero del 2010. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de corte transverso de pacientes hospitalizados en el Instituto de Medicina tropical entre enero de 2009 y febrero de 2010 con mordeduras de serpientes. Resultados: De un total de 126 casos de accidentes ofídicos. El sexo masculino presentó mayor prevalencia 71,4% (90/126), en edades comprendida entre 10-19 años con un 23,3% (29/126). Los casos más frecuentes en el 2009 se observaron en el mes de febrero 16% (20/126), y en el 2010 en el mes de enero 14% (14/126).Lo que difiere con el estudio de Vera, Páez y Gamarra de Cáceres, Paraguay que se encontró que los meses con más incidencia de accidentes ofídicos es marzo y abril.8 Respecto a la región sanitaria el departamento que presentó mayor casos fue Cordillera con un 26,2% (33/126). El género Bothrops sp., fue responsable de la mayor frecuencia de accidentes. Las manifestaciones clínicas locales más comunes fueron: 37% (45/126) Edema y 28%(37/126) dolor. Las complicaciones más evidentes fueron 33% (8/24) insuficiencia renal aguda, 29% (7/22) anemia, 13% (3/24) Coagulación Intravascular diseminada, 13% (3/24) Necrosis, 8% (2/24) Celulitis y 4% (1/24) Abscesos. En cuanto a los datos laboratoriales, se observó que el 75% (95/126) de los valores de Tiempo Protrombina estaban disminuido, 59% (74/126) el Tiempo Parcial de Protrombina aumentado y el 64% (81/126) Fibrinógeno disminuido. En tanto que, el 70,6% (89/126) de la Urea y 54,5% (67/123) de la Creatinina se encontró dentro de los valores normale