ABSTRACT
Background: Progressing from undergraduate education to post graduate training has been punctuated by a clinical examination which has not changed significantly in decades. This study investigated the feasibility of using a validated postgraduate assessment methodology in an undergraduate setting; The Toronto Patient Assessment & Management Exam (PAME). Methods: A standardised patient-centred multifaceted healthcare pathway examination consisting of 4 separate consecutive encounters was piloted in the final year of undergraduate training. The entire final year medical class was invited to participate. The final sample of 25 was selected on a consecutive, volunteer basis. Student’s experienced 2 standardised simulated cases; 1 medical, 1 surgical. Candidates were examined by 2 independent examiners (subject experts) and were ranked on a Global Rating Scale. Passing standard was set at 3/5 - ‘barely adequate for Intern/PGY1’ but with the addition of second pass criteria of avoidance of an egregious error. Results: 23 students completed the examination. Two arrived late and were excluded. 21/23 demonstrated knowledge and skills at least at minimum expected standard. 18/23 avoided an egregious error. Subgroup analysis identified better performance in the assessment and management of the medical case and the review encounter (encounter 4) was the lowest scoring in both cases. The format was well received by students and examiners. Conclusion: The use of an alternative certification examination ‘ACE’ based on a postgraduate format ‘PAME’ in undergraduate setting appears feasible and discriminatory. Inclusion in the pass criteria of avoidance of egregious error appears to improve the specificity of the examination. The ACE format reveals potential to replace elements of prepractice (PGY1) clinical barrier assessment.
ABSTRACT
La necesidad creciente de que los Web puedan verse de forma similar en diferentes navegadores (compatibilidad), ha elevado los requerimientos del desarrollo Web. Las nuevas exigencias en materia de visibilidad conllevan al análisis de múltiples factores en el proceso de creación. Desde el inicio, en la planeación del proyecto, contar con un equipo multidisciplinario, garantiza cumplir la tarea en estos términos. No obstante, un comité de calidad debe revisar el resultado final y ofrecer las indicaciones necesarias para su mejoría antes de su puesta en línea.
The rising need of Websites to be seen similarly in several different Internet navigation tools has increased the requirements of Web development. The newest demands in terms of visibility bring about the analysis of multiple factors in the creation process. From the beginning, in the project's planning, to count on a multidisciplinary team is a guarantee of the accomplishment of the task in these terms. However, a quality evaluation committee must check the final result and offer the necessary indications before it is online.
Subject(s)
User-Computer Interface , InternetABSTRACT
Se abordan ciertas aristas del posicionamiento Web útiles para obtener una mayor visibilidad. No se trata de llevar un Web a los buscadores, hay que conocerlos, saber la forma en que cada uno registra sus datos, el tiempo que demora en reconocer el sitio y ubicarlo, cuánto tiempo lo deja en una posición determinada, sin olvidar que cada uno maneja sus propios algoritmos, entre otros elementos. Esto en ningún momento se contrapone con la usabilidad y el beneficio para el usuario, son por el contrario tareas que se complementan.
Certain sides of web positioning, useful to obtain a better visibility, are analyzed. This is not about bringing a web to the searchers, it is about, among other elements, knowing them, know the way in which each of them records their data, the time they take to acknowledge the site and locate it, how long do they leave them in a given position, keeping in mind that each one of them works with their own algorithms. This is by no means opposed to the usability and the benefit to the user, these are tasks that complement each other.
Subject(s)
User-Computer Interface , Internet , Information Science , Information SystemsABSTRACT
Congenital cholesteatomas of the petrous apex are now frequently being approached by otologists. Involvement of the cerebello pontine angle by this lesion produces a myriad of signs and symptoms. Otological as well as neurosurgical literature is reviewed to achieve an overall understanding of the nature and behaviour of this uncommon but interesting lesion.