[Brain, behavior, and mental health in substance dependent individuals in comparison to healthy controls]

Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory normal and non-normal personality are located along a continuum. This study amid to the compare activity of brain/behavioral systems and mental health in addicts and normal individuals based on Jeffrey Gray theory. This research was a kind of cross-sectional research that was performed in 2009. Fifty addicts [opium 26, heroin 18 and cocaine 6] and 50 normal subjects chosen by at hand sampling method and based on age, sex, and educational level matched. In this research of Gray-Wilson personality questionnaire and depression, anxiety, Stress scales were used. Data were analyzed by t-test in independent groups. The results showed that there is a significant difference between normal and addict's individuals in both behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system [P>0.05], but there isn't a significant difference in fight/flight system [P>0.05] and also there is a significant difference between depression, anxiety and Stress in normal and addict's individuals [P>0.05]. The results of this study conform to basic hypotheses of reinforcement sensitivity theory Gray and psychological condition of addict's individuals

[Surveying the relationship between adult attachment style to parents with female sexual function]

Normal female sexual function has an important role in feel healthy and increasing quality of their life. Attitudes, tendencies and understanding of sexual partner in sexual relationship, can be accounted as some branches of attachment to parents. According to Bowlby's important theory about attachment and less access to studies that tested hypothesis derived from this theory about sexual problems, this research is accomplished to determine the relationship between adult attachment style to parents with female sexual function. This research is a kind of descriptive-correlation study, that 161 married women, between 15-44 years were selected by Ghaem Hospital and obstetricians' of offices, in Mashhad. Data were collected by questionnaires of adult scale of parental attachment during their childhood, and female sexual function index. Data were analyzed by SPSS using liner regression; confidence coefficient was considered 95%. The entire domain of sexual function except sexual lubrication were related to secure attachment style to mother and all the domain of sexual function except sexual painless was negatively related to distant attachment style to father [P<0.05] Maternal secure attachment and paternal insecure distant attachment play important role in adulthood sexual function in the adulthood which is in agreement to Bowlby's findings

[ effect of problem solving skills training on severity of depression symptoms in postpartum period]

Postpartum depression is a problematic and major disease, with the average prevalence of 13 percent, if not diagnosed and treated may be complicated. Problem solving skills training is one of simple treatments that could be trained in health centers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of problem solving skills training on severity of depressive symptoms in postpartum women. This clinical trial was performed [during Jan 2009-Jun 2010] on 54 women after delivery from health centers of 2[nd] and 3[rd] zones of Mashhad. Women who fulfilled inclusion criteria and got the score of 10 or above on Edinburgh Scale and got score of 14 to 28 on Beck Depression Inventory and their depression was confirmed by clinical psychologist, were randomly allocated to two groups of intervention [n=26] and control [n=28]. In the intervention group, problem-solving skills were educated during six sessions of 45-50 minutes. In both groups, again, Beck Depression Inventory was completed in 9 weeks after delivery. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis in SPSS software. The finding showed that severity of depressive symptoms are significantly different at 9 weeks postpartum between two groups [P=0.000]. The mean difference of severity of depressive symptoms are significantly different between two groups in the beginning of research and 9 weeks after delivery [P=0.000]. Depressive symptoms were decreased about 77.6% in problem solving skills group comparing 23.5% in control group. Based on this study, problem-solving skills training is an effective method in reducing the severity of depressive symptoms. Therefore it is recommended that problem-solving skills training could be used as one of the mental health strategies in health centers

[ efficacy of developmental attachment-based play therapy on developmental trauma disorder symptoms in children from 3 to 9 years old]

The present study conducted to examine the effect of attachment based play therapy on developmental traumatic disorder [DTD] in children. This semi-experimental study with control group, conducted in 2008, in Mashhad. Fourteen kids [3-9 years], who were diagnosed as having DTD based on Vander Kolk criteria, were selected from child psychiatry clinic in Ibn-e-Sina and dr. Sheikh hospitals. Their parents permitted to involve in this study. Patients were divided to 2 groups of intervention and control groups. Mothers of children completed Yule's scale and for evaluation of children's stress parenting stress index-short form [PSI-SF] for evaluation of parents' stress. Ten sessions of play therapy were conducted for intervention groups. Then mothers in 2 groups completed the tests again. In the variables of age, sex and grade of children also in the age and education of mothers, patients in 2 groups did not have any significant differences [P>0.05]. There were not any significant differences in scores of Yule's scale, PSI-SF and parental distress at base- line between 2 groups [P=0.10, P=0.34 and P=0.58 respectively]. After play therapy these test in the intervention group was significantly different from the control group [P<0.001, P=0.01 and P=0.01 respectively]. The differences in scores of difficult child subscale between 2 groups, before and after intervention were not significant [P=0.86, P=0.14 respectively]. The differences in scores of malfunction in child-parent relation before and after treatment were significant in intervention group [P=0.01] but there were not meaningful differences in control group [P=0.52]. Attachment based developmental play therapy reduces the stress of children and their mothers

[On the relationship between perceived childhood/adolescent attachments and identity status in 15-17 years adolescents]

The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between perceived childhood attachment and adolescent attachment with identity status. This was a descriptive-analytic, cross sectional study. The sample was consisted of 106 females and 104 males' high school students [15-17 years] in Torbat-e-Jam city, north east of Iran, which was selected through randomized and multistage sampling in 2008-2009. Attachment to parents measured by Attachment to Each Parents Scale and attachment in adolescents measured by Revised Adult Attachment Scale and identity status measured by Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status-2 Version Scale [EOM-EIS-2]. Data were analyzed through chi square and liner regression analysis. Findings show that secure, non secure-ambivalence and non secure-avoidance attachment styles had the most effect on the achieved identity, respectively. Non secure-avoidance, non secure-ambivalence and secure attachment styles had the most effect on the foreclosure identity, respectively too. Moreover non secure-ambivalence and avoidance attachment styles [positive relationship] and secure attachment style [negative relationship] had the most effect on the moratorium identity respectively and Non secure-avoidance and secure attachment styles [negative relationship] and ambivalence attachment style [positive relationship] had the most effect on the diffused identity respectively. Findings indicated that there are meaningful relationships between perceived childhood attachment style and identity status and between different attachment styles and identity status in high school students