ABSTRACT
Pulse oximetry is the most common technique for monitoring hemoglobin oxygen saturation [SpO2]. Different colors and brands of nail polish may cause disturbance in the reading and interpretation of oxygen saturation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different colors of nail polish on oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter. Thirty healthy students with SpO2 >/= 95% and without obvious problems in nail bed and peripheral perfusion in ordinary room air, participated in this Clinical trial. Each volunteer sat in a chair for 10 minutes, maintaining the whole body at rest; then, the SpO2 baseline of CIean unpolished nail beds of all 10 fingers was measured and recorded. After this phase, the participants were asked to use each of 10 colors of nail polishes randomly and unrepeatedly to polish one of their fingernails. Nail polish was applied in two layers. After drying the nail polishes, the SpO2 was measured again. Data analysis was performed by statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired t-, and Wilcoxon tests. Orange, pink, and purple nail polish had no effect on SpO2 [p>0.05], while other colors induced a statistically decrease in SpO2 [p<0.05], but this was not Clinically significant [<1.2%]. The results of this study revealed that nail polish has no Clinical effect on SpO2 measures by pulse oximeter in healthy subjects. Therefore, there is no need to spend time and money to Clean nail polish from individual's nails
ABSTRACT
Background: Understanding the epidemiology and main leading factors of endocarditis, accelerate the process of diagnosis and treatment, and reduce mortality from this disease. This study was performed due to uncertain epidemiological situation of endocarditis in different parts of Iran, especially city of Qom.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, epidemiological status of hospitalized patients with endocarditis in Qom city hospitals between 2004-2013 was reviewed. In this study, 74 patients who had duke criteria for infective endocarditis, were studied. Demographic data and the disease information were recorded on a Check list. Data collection method was the patients' hospital records. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.
Results: In this study, 74 patients, including 49 males and 25 females were studied. The patients' mean age +/- SD was 28 +/- 15/78. According to information obtained, age range 20-23 years with 29 patients [39/1%], was the most affected. The most common cause of hospital admission was fever with 80% [59 patients]. Tricuspid valve involvement was 67.5% [29 patients]. The most common underlying disease was heart diseases by as much as 44/5% [33 patients]. 42/4 % [14 patients] had a history of mitral valve replacement. Among those who had positive cultures, 85/7% [12 patients] Staphylococcus aureus, and 14/2% [2 paients] Klebsiella were reported. Mortality rate was 7.5%.
Conclusion: Fever, if accompanied with a heart murmur, or a history of mitral valve replacement in young men who have had a history of intravenous drug abuse, strongly suspected endocarditis.