Underlying factors behind the low prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in Oman sociocultural perspective

Epidemiological surveys from various countries indicate an increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorders [ASD], leading researchers to debate whether there are now 'more affected' or 'more detected'. The epidemiology of ASD in developing countries, such as Oman, has generally indicated a lower prevalence compared to developed countries in the West. In Oman, the prevalence is low; however, this article highlights some of the factors that could contribute to the appearance of a low ASD rate: cross-cultural variations in the presentation of distress; a lack of reliable biological markers for diagnosing ASD, and a lack of health services for children with ASD, thus limiting the number of participants in epidemiological surveys. While the defining features of ASD have yet to be established, pilot studies in Oman indicate a substantial number of children with these disorders. Therefore, it is important that these discrepancies be addressed and the need for appropriate services for this patient population in Oman be highlighted

Trends of obesity and overweight among college students in Oman: a cross sectional study

Body mass index [BMI], total body fat [TBF], and physical activity in relation to obesity and overweight prevalence among Omani students were studied. A cross-sectional study of 202 Omani students [101 males and 101 females] from Sultan Qaboos University [SQU] was carried out. Data were collected by interview using a structured questionnaire. Weight, TBF and physical activity score [PAS] were measured using TANITA scales, and height measured using a standardised measuring tape. Subjects were classified based on BMI as: underweight [2.48%], normal weight [69.31%], overweight [26.73%] and obese [1.49%]. According to TBF, 32.67% of students had low body fat scores [BFS], 26.73% high BFS and 22.28% very high BFS. Low BFS was insignificantly less likely with the increase in the mean hours of weekly exercising, [odds ratio [OR] = 0.708; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.448, 1.119] and the PAS [OR = 0.728; 95% CI= 0.562, 0.944]. Among high and very high BFS students, the mean hours of weekly exercising [6.73 +/- 1.20] and physical activity scores [7.51 +/- 1.67] were higher than those of healthy students. Nutrition knowledge was higher among healthy students compared to low BFS, and high and very high BFS subjects. Higher nutrition knowledge was associated with a non-significant lower risk of low BFS [OR = 0.986; 95% CI = 0.958, 1.015], high and very high BFS [OR = 0.984; 95% CI = 0.961, 1.008]. High and very high BFS were prevalent among subjects with sedentary lifestyles. Nutritional and physical activity interventions should be introduced to combat the problem of overweight students