Antibacterial effectiveness of low energy diode laser irradiation on management of periodontitis in Down syndrome

With the poor oral hygiene exhibited by patients with Down syndrome, the potential for a robust flora arises causing Periodontitis. Along with periodontal disease, the patient population has other medical conditions that limit treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of an 870-nm diode laser on periodontitis in patients with Down syndrome. Thirty five patients with Down syndrome suffering from periodontitis were included in this study and divided into two groups, Group I [25 patients] laser was applied to one half of the mouth and the other half was considered as a control and Group II included [10 patients] basic periodontal treatment was applied to evaluate the systemic effect of laser. Quantification of A. actinomycetemconcomitans, P. Gingivalis and Capnocytophaga were carried out using real-time PCR technique at baseline and at 2 weeks, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks post periodontal and laser treatment. A. Actinmycetcomitans and P. gingivalis were the most common organisms found in the studied patients and Capnocytophaga was the least common organisms. In group I the quantitative results of A. actinomycetemconcomitans, P. Gingivalis at 2 weeks were significantly lower in both sides of mouth than that of baseline level. After 6 week, it was still significantly lower than that of the baseline in the right side of the mouth, but at 12 weeks no significant difference was observed in both sides. In group II, quantitative results of A. actinomycetemconcomitans, P. Gingivalis at 2 weeks were also significantly lower than that of baseline but not at 6 and at 12 weeks. As regards, Capnocytophaga there was no significant difference at baseline, at 2 weeks, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks post periodontal and laser treatment in both groups I and II. Scaling and root planning plus laser therapy was better than scaling and root planning alone in the chosen patients and this antibacterial effect continues to be significant up to 6 weeks after therapy. Based upon the results of the study, it was found that Laser therapy could be used for the treatment of periodontitis as a complementary therapy not to replace mechanical intervention

Farber disease overlapping with stiff skin syndrome: expanding the spectrum

Farber Disease [MIM 228000][1] is a rare AR disorder first described by Sidney Farber in 1952[2]. Farber disease is usually recognized by the presence of three symptoms: Painful and progressively deformed joints, nodules under the skin and progressive hoarseness. Other organ systems may also be involved. As with most lysosomal storage diseases, the course of Farber's Disease is progressive and death typically occurs in infancy. Stiff skin syndrome [SSS] [MIM% 184900][1] was first described by Esterly and McKusick as a disorder characterized by thickened and indurated skin of the entire body and limitation of joint mobility with flexion contractures. Diagnosis and clarification of overlapping in the clinical presentation of the studied case. Clinical report of an atypically presenting Farber case and analyzing the overlapping manifestations between the two syndromes. Histopathological study was the conclusive diagnostic key in our case. Recognition of atypical or abortive cases is of practical importance as it may affect counseling or therapeutic decision making. Orodental manifestations were not previously considered but they may be of future diagnostic help

Oro-dental abnormalities in patients with mental retardation

The present study included 132 cases with mental subnormality. The aim of the present work was to investigate the prevalence of the oral and dental abnormalities in patients with mental retardation and to delineate the most common patterns of presentation associated with oro-dental abnormalities. All patients were subjected to full history taking, thorough oro-dental examination and IQ assessment. Chromosomal studies and metabolic screening were done when needed. It was concluded that oro-dental abnormalities are more frequent in patients with severe or profound mental retardation. The oral region abnormalities represent a major problem in the oral health of patients with mental retardation. Medical dental services and care were recommended for the affected cases, since there is no national oral disease prevalence data for patients with mental retardation and developmental disability