Carnosine protection against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats: a biochemical and histological study

Cadmium in a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight was administered subcutaneously for a total period of 14 weeks in male albino rats. This resulted in a significant decrease in rats' terminal body weights; but renal function tests, including serum levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid, showed a marked significant increase. Furthermore, both blood cadmium and kidney cadmium concentrations showed a significant increase in cadmium-treated animals. Carnosine when supplemented orally in a dose of 0.15 mg/kg body weight concurrently with cadmium administration showed an improvement in both body weight gain and renal biochemical function as well as morphological architecture, but still below the initial control values. In contrast, body weights as well as renal function and morphology were corrected and became near the control values. In contrast, body weights as well as renal function and morphology were corrected and become near the control values on increasing the dose of carnosine to 0.3 mg/kg. Furthermore, the level of cadmium in either blood or kidney tissue of animals received cadmium simultaneously with carnosine was also significantly lower than in those animals received cadmium alone

Amelioration by nigella sativa [L.] of Methotrexate-induced toxicity in male albino rats: a biochemical, haematological and histological study

Methotrexate was administered to male albino rats in an interrupted treatment regimen comparable with proposed human clinical treatment. Animals were dosed orally with methotrexate with/without black seed oil daily for five consecutive days, followed by seven-days recovery period and the cycle of dosing and recovery was repeated for a total of four cycles. Changes in body weight [hepatic, renal and testicular functions] and hematopoietic system [erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets and hemoglobin] as well as hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, testicular and brain morphology were all used as parameters to assess methotrexate toxicity. The results indicated that treatment by methotrexate alone resulted in a significant decrease in hemopoietic parameters and marked alterations in morphological changes of liver, kidney, testis and intestine. On the other hand, concomitant treatment with methotrexate and black seed oil resulted in a reversibility of methotrexate depression of animal body weights as well as organ functions and morphology

Allium sativum [Garlic] and its significance for the protection against lead-induced toxicity in albino rats: physical growth and mortality rate

This study was undertaken to examine the protective effect of garlic in heavy metal poisoning. Owing to its contents, that is allyl disulfide and -SH compounds, garlic has been expected to be involved in the detoxication of heavy metal poisonings by forming thiochelate compounds when reacting with heavy metals in living bodies. To examine this hypothesis more closely, a chronological observation was made to determine the effect of garlic in removing lead from tissues and restoring the normal architecture in organs of rats poisoned by lead. To our knowledge, this is the first study dealing with the effects of garlic on the lead-induced toxicity in albino rats. A total of 140 albino rats were divided into 14 groups, 5 male and 5 female rats per each group: One which was given only 0.18 mg/kg/day of garlic orally which was equivalent to the human prescribed dose; six groups were given 20, 40, 75, 155, 350 and 550 mg/kg/day lead acetate ip respectively; another six groups were given the same above-mentioned doses of lead acetate after receiving the same dose of garlic; and a negative control group. Blood was collected front all rats after 24 hours from the final injection of lead acetate with out garlic for consecutive 4 weeks, and was centrifuged to collect erythrocytes. At the same time, the livers, brains, and kidneys were ectomized to study the total amount of accumulated lead in both blood and tissue organs, as well as the organ weights in relation to total body weights. The mortality rate was reduced among the groups of rats that received garlic and lead acetate when compared with lead- treated ones Furthermore. There was a significant decrease in the body weights of lead-treated rats compared to those that were pretreated with garlic. Similarly, organ weights showed a significant increase in both the brain and kidneys but not in the liver. On the other hand, both blood-lead and tissue-lead levels, including the liver, showed a significant increase in lead treated rats. However, garlic has significantly decreased both the blood-lead and tissue-lead levels. Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between blood-lead levels and body weights, while there was a positive correlation between these blood-lead levels and organ weights. Although the removal of lead from the tissues increased remarkably in the garlic-treated groups, the removal of lead from the liver tissue appeared to be below that of other organs. As regards the sex difference, there was only a significant increase in the brain weights of female rats among the control group. The results indicate that garlic contained chelating compounds that are capable of enhancing elimination of lead

Allium sativum [Garlic] and its significance for the protection against lead-induced toxicity in albino rats: a biochemical and histological study on the liver, kidney and brain

A total of 140 albino rats were divided into 14 groups. Five male and another 5 female rats per each group: The positive control group was given only 0.18 mg/kg/day garlic extract orally. Six groups were given 20, 40, 75, 155, 350 and 550 mg/kg/day lead acetate intraperitoneally respectively. Another six groups were given the same above-mentioned doses of lead acetate simultaneously with the same dose of garlic extract; and a negative control group. Twenty four hours after 4-consecutive weeks of injection, retro-orbital blood as well as blood from cardiac chambers was collected for subsequent determination of both hepatic and renal function tests. At the same time, the liver, kidneys and brain were ectomized for subsequent histological examination as well as determination of tissue- lead. The results showed that garlic significantly decreased both the concentrations of tissue-lead and the hepatic as well as renal function tests, but not to the initial values of the control groups. Furthermore, the histological changes observed in either the liver or kidney sections of lead treated rats which were pretreated with garlic were found to be less marked than those found in lead treated rats only. The results indicate that garlic contained chelating compounds which are capable of enhancing elimination of lead

Allium sativum [Garlic] and its significance for the protection against lead-induced toxicity in albino rats: a haematological study

A total of 140 albino rats were divided into 14 groups; 5 males and 5 females per each group: The positive control group was given only 0.18 mg/kg garlic orally; six groups were given lead acetate ip: another six groups were given lead acetate preceded by garlic; and a negative control gioup. 24 hours after the last treatment, blood was collected for subsequent determination of blood-lead as well as serum copper and zinc. At the same time, complete blood count together with blood films for subsequent differential leucocytic counts were also done. Blood-lead levels showed a significant increase -in a dose- dependent manner-in lead-treated rats. Similarly, there was a significant increase in the total WBCs, while the Hb%, RBCs as ivell as platelets were all sigtitficantly decteased among the lead-treated rats. Fut-thermore, there was also a significant increase in the mean percent of stab and segmented WBCs as well as eosinophils, while the lymphocytes were sigtuficantly decreased in the lead-treated rats. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the mean values of serum copper, while serum zinc was significantly decreased in lead-treated rats. On the other hand, gallic significantly reversed these results, but not to the initial mean values of the control groups. These results indicate that garlic contained chelating compounds which are capable of enhancing elinnnation of lead

Allium sativum [Garlic] and its significance for the protection against lead-induced toxicity in albino fertility study: a male fertility study

A total of 70 mole albino rats were divided into 14 groups, 5 animals/group. The positive control group was given only 0.18 mg/kg garlic orally; six groups were given lead acetate ip in an average daily doses of 20, 40, 75, 155, 350 and 550 mg/kg respectively; another six groups were treated by the same previously - mentioned doses of lead acetate, but following the oral treatment of the same dose of garlic; and a negative control group. Twenty-four hours after 4-consecutive weeks of treatment, retro-orbital blood as well as blood from the cardiac chambers was collected for subsequent determination of both blood-lead and serum hormonal values of total testosterone, FSH, LH, and prolactin. At the same time, the testes were ectomized for subsequent histological examination, as well as determination of tissue-lead. Garlic significantly decreased the mean values of blood-lead concentraions, while those of testicular lead were non-significantly suppressed. Furthermore, garlic also non-significantly increased the mean values of hormones, which were totally suppressed by lead. Moreover, garlic imposed a protective action on some lead-induced histological abnormalities especially in rats treated by the smaller doses of lead. The results possibly indicate that garlic contained chelating compounds which arc capable of enhancing elimination of lead and improving the fertility status

Protection from acetaminophen "paracetamol"-induced liver damage by the synergistic action of fructose and D-penicillamine in male albino rats: a biochemical and histological study

Toxic doses of acetaminophen [paracetamol] destroy the cellular defense system in hepatic tissue. This represents one of the common causes of morbidity and mnortality in drug poisoning cases. This study was undertaken to investiage the possible potentiation of the hepato-protective action of D-penicillamine by fruclose. The effects of D-penicillamine, fructose and the two in combination -administered both after ' -hour and 3-hurs post-paracetamol dose- were investigated in adult male albino rats 24 hours after treatment with a single oral dose of paracetamol [750 mg/kg.] The extent of paracetamol-induced hepatic toxicity was evaluated by liover weights, serum levels of hepatic function tests and glutathione, as well as liver histology. Either D-penicillamine or fructose caused a partial improvement of liver weights, plasma concentrations of liver function activities, and liver morphology. In addition, they increased the serum concentrations of glutathione. However, concomitant administration of D-penicillamine and fructose produced a marked reduction in liver weight, plasma, total bilirubin, transminases and alkaline phosphatase activities to with the normal range, while significantly raised the serum levels of glutathione and albumin concentrat ion to values close to those measured in the control animals, particularly in these animals receiving this combination after 1/2-hour of paracetamol treatment. It is therefore concluded that D-penicillamine and fructose may have an additive hepato-protective action in the treatment of paracetamol overdose. A further advantage of the new compound is the protective effect within somewhat a longer durat ion after the onset of intoxication

Influence of different dietary carbohydrates levels on some nutritional physiological parameters and selenium metabolism in nile-catfish [clarious lazara]

Effect of dietary carbohydrate [CHO] on hematology, blood chemistry, hormone and immunity was studied in Nile catfish. Nonsignificant decrease in body weight and growth of catfish fed high levels of CHO and no significant decrease in Hb and HCT% were observed. Concerning serum cortisol, glucose and cholesterol had a positive correlation with increase of CHO in diet. On the other hand, serum calcium, phosphorus, total protein and immunoglobulin M [IgM] were negatively correlated with dietary levels of CHO. Catfish reared on high CHO diet with 10 Ug selenium per gram diet had a significantly high liver and kidney selenium content than those reared on selenium free CHO after six weeks, indicating that excess dietary CHO enhances dietary selenium toxicity. In addition, liver copper levels were significantly affected with increased incidence of renal calcinosis, suggesting a variety of toxic effects of selenium on catfish

Impact of low dietary carbohydrate diets on some nutritional and clinicopathological parameters of cat fish [clarious lazara] infected with saprolegnia parasitica and exposed to copper nitrite

The effect of low dietary carbohydrate diet on catfish infested with Saprolegnia parasitica and treated with copper nitrite was studied for three weeks. Results obtained showed, nonsignificant decrease in levels of Hb, PCV% and iron with nonsignificant increase of creatinine. Significantly, marked elevations were recorded for serum copper, sodium and cortisol during the three weeks of the experimental period, while insulin, potassium, urea, ALT and AST were increased significantly during only the first and second week of experimental period. It was concluded that copper nitrite as a treatment for saprolegnia infestation in catfish fed low dietary carbohydrate diet produced metabolic stress, cell damage with malfunction of the hemopoietic system

Effect of subcutaneous injection of mono-sodium glutamate on some nutritional and biochemical traits in albino rats

Mono-sodium glutamate [MSG] was administered sub-cutaneously to female rats 113.4 +/- 1.97 g body weight, as a food flavors at doses of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mg per g body weight for 6-week period. MSG were significantly decreased body weight [26.5, 31.04 and 31.61%] and significantly increased feed consumption [22.92, 32.18 and 32.61%] and efficiency of feed utilization [60.44, 70.25 and 73.2%] for treated groups, respectively. No significant changes in weight of ovaries and spleen were shown. On the other h and, adrenal glands were significantly decreased, but weight of brain, heart, uterus, kidney, and liver were significantly increased in rats treated with MSG. Levels of blood glucose, urea, ceratinine, cholesterol, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, AST, and ALT were significantly increased in rat groups received MSG, while serum albumin was increased [nonsignificantly]. In conclusion, MSG may have a direct effect on functions of kidneys, liver and may inter adversely in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins metabolism