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1.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 49(4): 689-697, Oct.-Dec. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-704100

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the chemoprotective effects of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) fruits alcoholic extract (PGE) on mice exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. Animals were pretreated with PGE (25, 50 or 75 mg/kg/day) for 10 days and subsequently exposed to a sub-lethal dose of Cr(VI) (30 mg/kg). The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow was investigated and the Cr(VI) levels were measured in the kidneys, liver and plasm. For the survival analysis, mice were previously treated with PGE for 10 days and exposed to a single lethal dose of Cr(VI) (50 mg/kg). Exposure to a sub-lethal dose of Cr(VI) induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells. However, the prophylactic treatment with PGE led to a reduction of 44.5% (25 mg/kg), 86.3% (50 mg/kg) and 64.2% (75 mg/kg) in the incidence of micronuclei. In addition, the 50 mg/kg dose of PGE produced a higher chemoprotective effect, since the survival rate was 90%, when compared to that of the non-treated group. In these animals, reduced amounts of chromium were detected in the biological materials, in comparison with the other groups. Taken together, the results demonstrated that PGE exerts a protective effect against Cr(VI)-induced genotoxicity.


Este estudo investigou os efeitos quimioprotetores do extrato alcoólico dos frutos da Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) (EPG) em camundongos expostos ao cromo hexavalente [Cr(VI)]. Os animais foram pré-tratados com o EPG (25, 50 ou 75 mg/kg/dia) durante 10 dias e subsequentemente expostos a uma dose subletal de Cr(VI) (30 mg/kg). A frequência de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados na medula óssea foi investigada e os níveis de Cr(VI) foram quantificados nos rins, fígado e plasma. Para a análise de sobrevida, os camundongos foram previamente tratados com EPG durante 10 dias e expostos a única dose letal de Cr(VI) (50 mg/kg). A exposição à dose subletal de Cr(VI) induziu aumento significativo na frequência de células micronucleadas. Entretanto, o tratamento profilático com EPG levou à redução de 44,5% (25 mg/kg), 86,3% (50 mg/kg) e 64,2% (75 mg/kg) na incidência de micronúcleo. Além disso, a dose de 50 mg/kg de EPG produziu maior efeito quimioprotetor, uma vez que a taxa de sobrevivência foi de 90%, quando comparada àquela do grupo não tratado. Nesses animais, quantidades reduzidas de cromo foram detectadas nos materiais biológicos, em comparação com os outros grupos. Em conjunto, os resultados demonstram que o EPG exerce efeito protetor contra a genotoxicidade induzida pelo Cr(VI).


Subject(s)
Mice , /pharmacology , Chromates/analysis , Genotoxicity/classification , Chemoprevention
2.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 48(3): 497-505, July-Sept. 2012. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653464

ABSTRACT

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease that shows apoptosis resistance. The introduction of imatinib mesylate has revolutionized the treatment of CML, but imatinib resistance may develop at any time and inevitably leads to disease progression. Synadenium umbellatum Pax. belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is popularly used in Brazil for the treatment of cancer. The cytotoxicity of Euphorbiaceae is associated with the ability of these plants and their bioactive compounds to induce apoptotic tumor cell death. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and the mechanisms of death induced by S. umbellatum extract in leukemic cells. S. umbellatum cytotoxicity was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle; the mechanisms involved in K-562 cell death were investigated by light microscopy and flow cytometry. The results demonstrate that S. umbellatum is cytotoxic to leukemic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological analysis revealed that S. umbellatum treatment induced K-562 cell death by an apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, data indicate ROS overproduction, alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine externalization and activation of caspase 9. Taken together, the results demonstrate that S. umbellatum extract arrested the cell cycle and triggered apoptosis at several levels in K-562 cells.


A leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC) é uma doença mieloproliferativa clonal, que apresenta resistência à apoptose. A introdução do mesilato de imatinibe revolucionou o tratamento da LMC, porém a resistência ao imatinibe pode ser desenvolvida em qualquer tempo e, inevitavelmente, leva à progressão da doença. Synadenium umbellatum Pax. pertence à família Euphorbiaceae e é usado popularmente no Brasil para o tratamento do câncer. A citotoxicidade das Euphorbiaceae está associada com a capacidade dessas plantas e seus compostos bioativos em induzir apoptose em células tumorais. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a citotoxicidade e os mecanismos de morte induzidos por S. umbellatum em células leucêmicas. A citotoxicidade de S. umbellatum foi avaliada pelo ensaio de exclusão do azul de tripano e a análise do ciclo celular foi feita por citometria de fluxo. Os mecanismos envolvidos na morte celular das células K-562 foram investigados por microscopia óptica e por citometria de fluxo. Os resultados demonstraram que S. umbellatum é citotóxico para células leucêmicas de uma maneira dependente da concentração. A análise morfológica revelou que o tratamento com S. umbellatum induziu as célula K-562 à morte por via apoptótica. Além disso, os dados indicam aumento de ERO S, alterações no potencial de membrana mitocondrial, externalização da fosfatidilserina e ativação de caspase 9. Em conjunto, os resultados demonstram que S. umbellatum promoveu retenção do ciclo celular das células K-562 e induziu estas células à morte por apoptose.


Subject(s)
Euphorbiaceae/classification , K562 Cells/immunology , Apoptosis Inducing Factor/analysis , Cell Cycle
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(2): 369-374, June 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-577122

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to demonstrate that the learning in the discipline of human anatomy is more significant with the use of a constructivist pedagogic methodology in relation to traditional teaching, enabling students to the effective construction of knowledge. Practical lessons in human anatomy were given for students from first semesters of the Physical Education course, Federal University of Goiás, using a constructivist methodology for the teaching of the Digestive System. The students were divided into 5 groups containing 7 students each. Each group used the class guide prepared by teachers, containing the structures to be studied, in addition to textbook and Anatomy Atlas. The data were analyzed using the Graph pad prism software (version 5.00) and submitted to testing for comparison of means (t test at 5 percent probability). The use of the new constructivist pedagogic methodology facilitated the learning for most students (80.65 percent) and 61.29 percent rated their learning as good. There was an increase in the time of permanence in the classroom, in the participation in practical classes and in the consultation to bibliographies recommended. About 64.51 percent of students felt that the practical lessons contributed to a better learning and most students (90.31 percent) considered their participation in the practical classes more active. In conclusion, the use of constructivist pedagogic methodology in teaching human anatomy facilitated the learning by the students involved in this work, making it more significant when compared to the traditional methodology.


El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar que el aprendizaje en la disciplina de anatomía humana es más significativa con el uso de una metodología pedagógica constructivista, en relación a la enseñanza tradicional, capacitando así a los alumnos en una construcción efectiva de conocimiento. Se impartieron lecciones prácticas en Anatomía Humana a los alumnos de primer semestre del curso de Educación Física, Universidad Federal de Goiás, usando una metodología constructivista para la enseñanza del Sistema Digestivo. Los alumnos fueron divididos en 5 grupos con 7 alumnos por grupo. Cada grupo utilizó la guía de clase preparada por los profesores, las que contenían las estructuras a estudiar, además del texto y de un Atlas de Anatomía. La información fue analizada usando el software Graph pad prism (versión 5.00) y sometido a prueba para la comparación de los medios (t test al 5 por ciento de probabilidad). El uso de la nueva metodología pedagógica constructivista, facilitó el aprendizaje para la mayoría de los estudiantes (80.65 por ciento) y el 61.29 por ciento calificaron su aprendizaje como bueno. Aumentó el tiempo de permanencia en la sala de clases, en la participación de clases prácticas y en la consulta de bibliografías recomendadas. Aproximadamente un 64.51 por ciento de los alumnos indicaron que la lección práctica contribuyó a un mejor aprendizaje, y la mayoría de los alumnos (90.31 por ciento) consideraron que su participación en las clases prácticas fue más activa. En conclusión el uso de la metodología pedagógica constructivista en la docencia de Anatomía Humana, facilitó el aprendizaje de los alumnos involucrados en ese trabajo, haciéndolo más significativo al ser comparado con la metodología tradicional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anatomy/education , Teaching/methods , Students/psychology , Models, Educational , Surveys and Questionnaires
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