Eyeball simulator for extraocular muscles

Learning about human eye movements broadens our comprehension of the visuomotor system and aids in the effective management of strabismus. One’s clinical practice is improved by a dynamic simulation of human eye movements using physical models of the extraocular muscles (EOMs). We use our eyeball model to teach the basics of strabismus to undergraduate students and ophthalmology residents. In Listing’s plane, extraocular movements of each muscle and the angle demonstration are being used to familiarize students with their knowledge. The degree of the residents’ understanding of strabismus is significantly influenced by the eyeball strabismus simulator. This model is an inexpensive, Do It Yourself (DIY) model that is simple to build.

Clinical profile and management of sixth nerve palsy in pediatric patients (0–15 years) in Southern India – A hospital-based study

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the clinical profile in pediatric patients (0–16 years) presenting with acute onset esotropia due to sixth nerve palsy and its management options in a tertiary care set up of Southern India. Methods: A total of 12 patients presenting to our OPD with acute onset esotropia due to sixth nerve palsies were included in this retrospective study. All patients were observed for 6 months and managed with prism and/or patching while waiting for spontaneous resolution and later managed surgically. Neuroimaging was done in all cases. Results: The mean deviation of esotropia at presentation was 30.17 ± 5.7 Prism Diopter (range 12–50 Prism Diopter 95% CI, SD 10.11). Mean age of the patients during presentation was 8.6 ± 2.4 years (range: 1–15 years, SD 4.27). Among the common causes of sixth nerve palsy in our study population were trauma and idiopathic intracranial hypertension followed by tumor and miscellaneous causes. Only three patients underwent surgical correction of residual deviation after a waiting period of 6 months for self?resolution. Spontaneous resolution was observed in 41.6% patients, and surgical correction (unilateral resection–recession) was done in 25% of the patients with good surgical outcome. Conclusion: At 1?year follow up, the motor outcome was satisfactory except for one patient who had diffuse pontine glioma and had worsening neurological symptoms on follow?up