ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 que provoca la COVID-19, por su rápida propagación y el gran número de casos positivos y de fallecidos, fue declarado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el 11 de marzo de 2020, como pandemia, fecha que coincide con los primeros casos diagnosticados en Cuba. En esta investigación se describe la efectividad de la metodología de capacitación para prevenir la COVID-19 en centros laborales. Se realizó una investigación de intervención-acción y se utilizó la audiencia sanitaria para desarrollar los temas de bioseguridad. Participaron 511 trabajadores de 11 centros laborales; se monitoreó la efectividad que había tenido esta capacitación. Se seleccionaron dos centros laborales como centros pilotos, donde se aplicaron encuestas a sus trabajadores para comprobar el cumplimiento de las medidas de bioseguridad orientadas. Se demostró que con la adecuada capacitación se puede prevenir y controlar la propagación de esta mortal enfermedad en centros laborales.
ABSTRACT The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 due to its rapid spread and the large number of positive cases and deaths; coinciding this date with the first cases diagnosed in Cuba. This research describes the effectiveness of a training methodology to prevent COVID-19 in workplaces. An intervention-action research was carried out using the health audience to develop biosafety topics. A total of 511 workers from 11 workplaces participated; the effectiveness of the training methodology was monitored. Two workplaces were selected as pilot sites, where workers were surveyed to check their compliance with the targeted biosecurity measures. It was demonstrated that the spread of this deadly disease can be prevented and controlled in workplaces with the proper training.
Subject(s)
Health Education , COVID-19/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To evaluate the role of social support in the association between physical activity (PA) in its various domains and depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 399 older adults seen at basic health units in the municipality of Recife, state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Linear regression was implemented using the forward method to assess the association between PA and its domains and depressive symptoms, as well as to test the possible moderating component of social support in this association. Results Of the total sample, 17.6% reported not practicing PA; 6.7% presented depressive symptoms, with a mean score of 1.59 points. A total of 18.6% of the older adults assessed reported not having social support. Older adults who did not practice total, transportation or domestic PA showed increased scores of depressive symptoms when compared to older adults who practiced PA in these domains. Older adults with social support also had fewer depressive symptoms. Practicing domestic, leisure and total PA, and/or having social support, decreased depressive symptoms in older adults. Having social support or practicing PA decreased depressive symptoms in older adults in a similar way. Conclusions Older adults with social support and who practiced PA, especially domestic and total PA, presented the lowest scores of depressive symptoms. The data showed the importance of providing elements to strengthen social support and PA practice in older adults living in poor communities as a strategy to prevent and reduce depressive symptoms.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the association between body composition and performance in the karate specific aerobic test (KSAT). This is a study carried out with thirteen athletes (6 females) with a mean age of 20.7 ± 4.2 years, affiliated to the Pernambuco Federation of Karate Associations, were developing this training routine during the 2018 season. Body mass and height were measured. To measure body composition, the body densitometry method was used by the x-ray double-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. Karate Specific Aerobic Test was used to verify aerobic performance. Association analyzes were performed between body composition variables and KSAT performance using Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. All analyzes adopted a significance of p <0.05. KSAT performance was negatively correlated with total fat mass (r = -0.797; p = 0.001) and fat percentage (r = -0.757; p = 0.003). The linear regression model with the highest explanatory power included total fat and KSAT (adjusted R² = 0.732; p <0.001) exhibited a negative association with total fat (? = -0.21; p <0.001), and the model that included % body fat and KSAT (adjusted R² = 0.708; p = 0.003) were negatively associated with% body fat (? = -22.937; p = 0.001), both adjusted for gender and age. There is a negative association between total fat mass, body fat percentage and karate specific aerobic test performance.
Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre composição corporal e desempenho no teste aeróbico específico do karatê (KSAT). Trata-se de um estudo realizado com treze atletas (6 mulheres) com idade média de 20,7 ± 4,2 anos, afiliados à Federação das Associações de Karatê de Pernambuco, estavam desenvolvendo essa rotina de treinamento durante a temporada de 2018. A massa corporal e a estatura foram medidas. Para medir a composição corporal, o método de densitometria corporal foi utilizado pela técnica de absorciometria por raios-x duplos (DEXA). Teste aeróbico específico de karatê foi usado para verificar o desempenho aeróbico. As análises de associação foram realizadas entre as variáveis de composição corporal e o desempenho do KSAT usando o teste de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear. Todas as análises adotaram uma significância de p <0,05. O desempenho no KSAT foi negativamente correlacionado com a massa gorda total (r = -0,797; p = 0,001) e o percentual de gordura (r = -0,757; p = 0,003). O modelo de regressão linear com maior poder explicativo incluiu gordura total e KSAT (R² ajustado = 0,732; p <0,001) exibiu associação negativa com gordura total (? = -0,21; p <0,001) e o modelo que incluiu% de gordura corporal e KSAT (R² ajustado = 0,708; p = 0,003) foram associados negativamente com% de gordura corporal (? = -22,937; p = 0,001), ambos ajustados por sexo e idade. Existe uma associação negativa entre a massa gorda total, o percentual de gordura corporal e o desempenho aeróbico específico do karatê.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: las guías didácticas son un recurso para el aprendizaje a través de las cuales se concretan las acciones del profesor y los estudiantes dentro del proceso docente. Objetivo: valorar la experiencia de la implementación de las guías didácticas desde la perspectiva de los actores de proceso docente. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, desde septiembre 2017 hasta febrero 2018. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; y empíricos: la revisión documental, encuesta en forma de cuestionario a estudiantes y la técnica del grupo focal. Resultados: la elaboración de las guías didácticas constituyó un reto para lograr concretar las tareas docentes apropiadas a las necesidades de la formación de los estudiantes, el diseño empleado fue aceptado, la mayoría de los alumnos consideraron provechoso su empleo, su implementación fue acompañada por acciones metodológicas del colectivo de la asignatura. Conclusiones: el empleo de las guías didácticas en Introducción a la Medicina General Integral fue valorado como positivo, resultó una experiencia útil, sujeta a perfeccionamiento por parte de los actores del proceso docente.
ABSTRACT Background: the didactic guides are a resource for learning through which the actions of the teacher and the students within the teaching process are specified. Objective: to assess the experience of the implementation of the didactic guides from the perspective of the actors of the teaching process. Methods: a descriptive research with a qualitative approach was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, from September 2017 to February 2018. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; and empirical ones: the documentary review, survey in the form of questionnaire to students and the technique of focal group. Results: the elaboration of the didactic guides constituted a challenge to achieve the appropriate teaching tasks to meet the needs of the students' training, the design used was accepted, the majority of the students considered their employment profitable, their implementation was accompanied by methodological actions of the subject staff. Conclusions: the use of the didactic guides in Introduction to Comprehensive General Medicine was valued as positive; it was a useful experience, subject to improvement by the actors of the teaching process.
Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Guidelines as Topic , Education, Medical , FacultyABSTRACT
El complejo articular de tobillo y pie es frecuentemente afectado por artropatías tanto inflamatorias como mecánicas y es una de las principales causas de consulta en reumatología. Usualmente la evaluación clínica se debe complementar con métodos de imagen diagnósticos; la radiografía convencional no provee imágenes de las múltiples estructuras tendinosas y ligamentosas, y el uso de la resonancia magnética se ve limitado por su costo. El ultrasonido provee imágenes en tiempo real, a bajo costo y de manera dinámica de las estructuras de tejidos blandos de tobillo y pie, lo que lo hace un método auxiliar diagnóstico de extrema importancia. En este artículo abordamos las características ultrasonográficas normales de las articulaciones de tobillo y pie y revisamos su exploración sistemática.
The foot and ankle joints are frequently affected by both inflammatory and mechanical arthropathies, these are a major cause of outpatient visits in rheumatology. Usually the clinical evaluation must be complemented by diagnostic imaging methods. Conventional radiography does nor provide images of tendons and ligaments and the use of MRI is limited by its cost. Ultrasound provides real-time and dynamic images at low cost of soft tissues structures of the ankle and foot articular complex and thus makes it an imaging method of extreme importance in its assessment. This article depicts the systematic evaluation and the normal ultrasonographic features of ankle and foot joints.
Subject(s)
Humans , Foot/anatomy & histology , Foot , Ankle/anatomy & histology , AnkleABSTRACT
Glyphosate is noted for being non-toxic in fishes, birds and mammals (including humans). Nevertheless, the degree of genotoxicity is seriously controversial. In this work, various concentrations of a glyphosate isopropylamine salt were tested using two methods of genotoxicity assaying, viz., the pink mutation assay with Tradescantia (4430) and the comet assay with nuclei from staminal cells of the same plant. Staminal nuclei were studied in two different forms, namely nuclei from exposed plants, and nuclei exposed directly. Using the pink mutation assay, isopropylamine induced a total or partial loss of color in staminal cells, a fundamental criterion utilized in this test. Consequently, its use is not recommended when studying genotoxicity with agents that produce pallid staminal cells. The comet assay system detected statistically significant (p < 0.01) genotoxic activity by isopropylamine, when compared to the negative control in both the nuclei of treated plants and directly treated nuclei, but only the treated nuclei showed a dose-dependent increase. Average migration in the nuclei of treated plants increased, when compared to that in treated nuclei. This was probably due, either to the permanence of isopropylamine in inflorescences, or to the presence of secondary metabolites. In conclusion, isopropylamine possesses strong genotoxic activity, but its detection can vary depending on the test systems used.
Subject(s)
Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Point Mutation , TradescantiaABSTRACT
Objetivo. Evaluar la genotoxicidad de N-nitroso dietilamina (NDEA), hidrazida málica (MH) y etil metano sulfonato (EMS), en núcleos de Tradescantia (clona 4430) por medio de la prueba del cometa y de la prueba de mutación rosa, en los pelos estaminales de la misma planta. Material y métodos. Las plantas de Tradescantia (clon 4430) fueron obtenidas del Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis del Centro de ciencias de la Atmósfera de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, tratadas con NDEA a 1, 5, 10 mM, MH a 1, 5, 10 mM y EMS a 15, 30 y 45 mM, y utilizadas en la prueba de mutación rosa y en la del cometa, en núcleos celulares de los pelos estaminales. En la primera, la lectura de los pelos estaminales se realizó de acuerdo con el método de Underbrink. En otros estudios, que han aplicado la prueba del cometa en plantas, existe la necesidad de romper la pared celular y separar los núcleos por gradiente de centrifugación; en este caso, los núcleos de las células de los pelos estaminales fueron extraídos por aplastamiento sin aplicar un procedimiento especial para romper la pared, colectados por filtración en una malla de nylon y sometidos a la prueba del cometa. La prueba t de Student se usó para analizar los datos obtenidos. Resultados. Ambas pruebas presentaron una gran sensibilidad a los mutágenos estudiados y hubo una relación evidente dosis-eventos rosa / longitud de la cauda. Aunque la prueba de mutación rosa en Tradescantia fue muy sensible a MH y EMS, no se detectaron dosis bajas de NDEA; en cambio, la prueba del cometa en la misma planta permite detectar fácilmente la actividad de todos los agentes estudiados. Conclusión. La prueba del cometa en los núcleos de las células de los pelos estaminales de Tradescantia es una útil herramienta para los estudios de monitoreo. Además, es simple, sensible y más rápida que la prueba de mutación rosa en la misma planta. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo también está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htm
Subject(s)
Tradescantia diuretica , Mesylates , Diethylamines , Mutagenicity Tests , In Vitro Techniques , Comet AssayABSTRACT
En este trabajo se presentan y analizan 25 artroplastías de rodilla, con prótesis de Insall-Burnstein. El seguimiento mínimo es de 8 meses y el máximo de 7 años. Las patologías determinantes fueron: artrosis en 12 casos y artritis reumatoidea en 9 casos. Hubo 1 caso de osteocondromatosis y 2 de osteonecrosis. Se analizan los factores orientativos y contraindicaciones para realizar un reemplazo total de rodilla. Se hacen comentarios de las complicaciones y resultados, teniendo en cuenta dolor, función, bastón y radiografía. Con este tipo de artroplastías tuvimos los siguientes resultados: excelentes 36 por ciento, buenos 40 por ciento, regulares 16 por ciento, malos 8 por ciento