ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Elaborar un protocolo de evaluación y establecer valores de referencia de las ganancias del reflejo vestíbulo-ocular del canal semicircular horizontal obtenidas con el v-HIT en población pediátrica sin alteraciones vestibulares. Método Estudio cuantitativo, analítico, no experimental con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se seleccionaron 39 sujetos entre 5 a 17 años, los cuales cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados El promedio de la ganancia obtenida para el conducto semicircular horizontal derecho fue de 0,93 y para el conducto semicircular izquierdo fue de 1,08. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre oídos. No existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los subgrupos de 5 a 10 años y 11 a 17 años. Conclusión La ganancia del reflejo vestíbulo-ocular en población pediátrica se acerca a los valores encontrados en la literatura científica internacional y de la población adulta. El protocolo confeccionado puede orientar a profesionales que están comenzando en la evaluación otoneurológica de esta población.
ABSTRACT Purpose To develop an assessment protocol and establish reference values of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain of the horizontal semicircular canal obtained with vHIT in a pediatric population without vestibular changes. Methods Quantitative, non-experimental, analytical study with a non-probabilistic convenience sample. A total of 39 subjects aged 5 to 17 years were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The mean gain obtained of the horizontal right semicircular canal was 0.93 and of the left one, 1.08, with statistically significant differences between the ears. There were no statistically significant differences between the 5-to-10-year and 11-to-17-year subgroups. Conclusion The vestibulo-ocular reflex gain in children neared the values found in the international scientific literature and the adult population. The protocol developed can guide beginning professionals in the otoneurological evaluation of children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Vestibule, Labyrinth , Head Impulse Test , Reference Values , Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular , Semicircular CanalsABSTRACT
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The success rate of conventional anticancer therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy is limited by the non-specific toxicity and low specificity towards specific tumors, which are highly dependent on the mutational burden present on each patient. Similarly, targeted therapies have proven to induce resistance in numerous malignancies. Therefore, immunotherapy has emerged as a better approach to discriminate between "the own" and "the non-own", which occurs through two types of mechanisms, innate and acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is one of the targets for new immunotherapeutic treatments, unleashing the power of antigen-specific T cells as a potential therapeutic weapon for cancer treatment. Thus, immunotherapy modifies the own immune system to increase the recognition and elimination of cancer cells by identifying these cancer antigens. One of the advantages of immunotherapy, when compared to conventional anticancer approaches, is the generation of long-term immunity (immunological memory). Currently, there are different potential types of immunotherapy in cancer to promote the modulation of the immune response. Among them, the use of cytokines, vaccines, viruses, monoclonal antibodies, and the generation of adaptive immune response cells have achieved successful results in some types of cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Immunotherapy , Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Syphilis during pregnancy has a high risk of congenital transmission with disastrous fetal consequences. Penicillin (PNC) is the only effective antimicrobial for the treatment of pregnant women with syphilis. Chilean guidelines do not consider desensitization to PNC in these women. We report two cases of pregnant women aged 32 and 23 years, with immediate allergy to PNC and syphilis who were safely and successfully desensitized using a four-hour intravenous protocol in the critical care unit and who subsequently received benzathine G PNC. An electronic survey was conducted among approximately 100 Clinical Pharmacists (CP) in the country. Of these, 16 answered and 13 reported having experience in drug desensitization, in at least five cases with PNC and none reported deaths or cardiorespiratory arrest. Desensitization to PNC can be carried out safely and in Chile, this alternative should be incorporated to the management of pregnant women with syphilis and immediate allergy to PNC, instead of using erythromycin.
La sífilis durante el embarazo tiene un alto riesgo de transmisión congénita con consecuencias desastrosas para el feto. La penicilina (PNC) es el único compuesto efectivo para el tratamiento de sífilis en una mujer embarazada.. En Chile, ante alergias de tipo inmediata, no se considera la desensibilización a la PNC en mujeres embarazadas por norma ministerial. Se comunican dos casos de mujeres embarazadas con alergia tipo inmediata y sífilis durante la gestación que fueron desensibilizadas a este compuesto con un protocolo endovenoso de 4 horas en la unidad de pacientes críticos, sin observar complicaciones, recibiendo posteriormente PNC G Benzatina. Se efectuó una encuesta electrónica a farmacéuticos clínicos del país que incluyó más de 100 profesionales. De ellos, 16 contestaron y 13 declararon poseer experiencia en desensibilización de fármacos, en al menos cinco casos con PNC y ninguno reportó muertes o paro cardiorrespiratorio. La desensibilización a PNC puede ser efectuada en forma segura en embarazadas con alergia de tipo inmediata a PNC que cursan con sífilis. En Chile se debería incorporar esta alternativa en el manejo de mujeres embarazadas con sífilis y alergia inmediata a PNC en lugar de solo considerar por norma el uso de eritromicina.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Syphilis/complications , Hypersensitivity/complications , Penicillin G Benzathine , ChileABSTRACT
Previous studies indicate that dental tissues are a source of mitochondrial DNA that could be useful for human identification. The main cell in the pulpo-dentin complex is the odontoblast, whose cellular body is located on the border between the pulp and dentin and continues through cell processes. In endodontically treated teeth, pulp tissue is removed, assuming the complete elimination of cellular content and the inner third of dentin. Facing the possibility of finding teeth that were treated endodontically as the only source available for a forensic analysis, is that the objective of this study is to determine the presence of cellular debris in the dentin of teeth with root canal treatment. Twenty teeth roots obtained from 8 single and multi-rooted teeth were treated endodontically, with conventional manual technique. The samples were processed by conventional histological analysis (H&E). In root canals endodontic cement remnants and cylinder-cubic structures resembled odontoblastic bodies were observed, but without certainty to establish its presence. This research concludes that it is not possible to determine presence of cellular debris in endodontically treated teeth using the described technique...
Estudios previos indican que los tejidos dentales son fuente de DNA mitocondrial útiles para la identificación humana. La principal célula del complejo pulpo-dentinario es el odontoblasto, cuyo cuerpo celular ubicado en el límite entre la pulpa y la dentina se continúa por prolongaciones celulares. En dientes tratados endodónticamente se extrae el tejido pulpar, presumiendo la completa eliminación del contenido celular y el tercio interno de la dentina. Frente a la posibilidad de encontrar dientes que fueron tratados endodónticamente como única fuente disponible para análisis forense, es que el objetivo de este estudio es determinar la presencia de restos celulares en la dentina de dientes con tratamiento de canales radiculares. 20 raíces dentarias obtenidas de 8 dientes uni y multirradiculares, fueron tratadas endodónticamente con terapia manual convencional. Las muestras fueron procesadas mediante análisis histológico convencional (H&E). En los canales radiculares se observaron restos de cemento endodóntico y estructuras cilindro-cúbicas que asemejaron a cuerpos de odontoblastos, sin poder establecer con certeza su presencia. En esta investigación se concluye que no es posible determinar mediante la técnica utilizada la presencia de restos celulares en dientes tratados endodónticamente...
Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Mitochondrial , Tooth, Nonvital/pathology , Odontoblasts , Root Canal Therapy , Forensic Dentistry , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
La psicosis inducida por corticoides es una entidad clínica muy poco frecuente dentro de la práctica psiquiátrica infanto-juvenil. Presentamos el caso de un adolescente de 14 años que recibió terapia corticoidal intramuscular, endovenosa y oral para tratar un cuadro alérgico, que debuta posteriormente con un episodio psicótico a los pocos días de haber finalizado dicho tratamiento. Se muestrla presentación clínica, el enfrentamiento diagnóstico-terapéutico inicial, el manejo de especialidad y el seguimiento posterior.
The Corticosteroid induced psychosis is a rare clinical entity within the child and adolescent psychiatric practice. We report a case of a 14 years adolescent that received intramuscular, intravenous and oral corticosteroid therapy to treat an allergy, who debuts later with a psychotic episode a few days after finishing such treatment. It is shown the clinical presentation, the initial diagnostic and therapeutic confrontation, the specialist management and the follow up.