ABSTRACT
Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a human rights violation and a serious global public health problem. This study investigated factors associated with IPV in female survivors in Colombia. Four focus group discussions with female survivors of IPV and 15 key informant interviews with professionals from psychological, social and legal services and community leaders were conducted in Cali and Tuluá. Participant recruitment was via purposive sampling. Transcripts were analysed manually taking a social constructivist standpoint and a content analysis approach. Factors associated with IPV were divided into four themes: cultural beliefs, jealousy, alcohol abuse, and personal history of IPV. The first theme was divided into: patriarchy, gender roles, normalisation of violence, and unawareness of rights, economic dependence, and 'men own women'. The sub-themes were all inter-related and underpinned by patriarchal values. IPV was described as a sociocultural construction formed by patriarchal values ingrained in community and societal norms and individual processes. Therefore, academia, governmental and non-governmental bodies and society are urged to together, create preventative, context specific strategies for individuals, communities and societies.
Resumo A violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) é uma violação dos direitos humanos e um grave problema de saúde pública global. Este estudo investigou fatores associados à VPI em mulheres sobreviventes na Colômbia. Quatro discussões de grupos focais com mulheres sobreviventes de VPI e 15 entrevistas com informantes-chave com profissionais de serviços sócio-médico-legais foram realizadas usando amostragem intencional nas cidades de Cali e Tuluá. As transcrições foram analisadas manualmente, sob um ponto de vista construtivista social e uma abordagem de análise de conteúdo. Os fatores associados à VPI foram divididos em 4 temas: crenças culturais, ciúmes, abuso de álcool e história pessoal da VPI. O primeiro tema foi dividido em: patriarcado, papéis de gênero, normalização da violência, desconhecimento de direitos, dependência econômica e 'homens possuem mulheres'. VPI foi descrita como uma construção sociocultural formada por valores patriarcais e processos individuais. A VPI é causada por uma complexa interação de diferentes fatores nos níveis do indivíduo, relacionamentos, comunidade e social. Os órgãos governamentais e não governamentais e a sociedade são instados a criar juntos estratégias preventivas e específicas no contexto.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intimate Partner Violence , Family Characteristics , Colombia , Qualitative Research , Social NormsABSTRACT
Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, reconocer los posibles factores de riesgo (FR) para ITU, el perfil de sensibilidad antibiótica, evaluar el protocolo institucional y la respuesta clínica a la terapia empírica inicial.Metodología: estudio transversal prospectivo realizado entre febrero/2009-enero/2010. Resultados: ingresaron 47 pacientes, 25 hombres (53.2%) vs. 22 mujeres (46.8%). El rango de edad más frecuente para ITUen ambos sexos fue 1-24 meses (76.5%), es decir, hay un claro predominio en el género masculino (58.3%). Se encontraron FR en 51.1% de los pacientes y en 21.2% se presentaron dos o más FR. Los principales fueron: ITU previa (19.1%),malformaciones de la vía urinaria (17%), estreñimiento (12.7%), mala higiene (12.7%), reflujo vesico-ureteral (6.4%). Los principales agentes etiológicos fueron: Escherichia coli (31), Proteus mirabilis (5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3) y Citrobacter freudii (2); 2 y 5 aislamientos presentaron beta lactamasas de espectro extendido (#LEE) y #-lactamasas tipo AmpC, respectivamente. La defervescencia como respuesta a la terapia empírica inicial con aminoglucósidos ocurrió en las primeras 36 horas en lamayoría de los pacientes (87%) con ITU febril, independiente del perfil de resistencia. Conclusiones: la ITU febril fue la principal presentación clínica con un alto porcentaje de FR identificados solo por interrogatorio y examen físico dirigido. Se aislaron bacterias de la comunidad que fueron #LEE+ o AmpC+. Desde el punto de vista institucionalel uso de aminoglucósidos son una buena alternativa para el tratamiento inicial debido a su alta efectividad clínica y bajo perfil de resistencia.
Objective: to describe the clinical characteristics, identify possible risk factors (RF) for UTI, describe antibiotic sensitivity profiles, evaluate the institutional empirical antibiotic protocol and the clinical response to initial empirical therapy. Methods: cross-sectional observational study from february/2009 to january /2010. Results: 47 patients were admitted, 25 males (53,2%) and 22 females (46,8%). The most frequent age group in both sexes was 1-24 months (76,5%), predominating in the male gender (58,3%). RF were found in 51,1% of the patients and 21,2%showed two or more RF. The main ones being: previous UTI (19.1%), urinary tract malformations (17%), constipation (12,7%), bad higiene (12.7%), vesicoureteral reflux (6,4%). The main aetiological agents isolated were: Escherichia coli (31), Proteusmirabilis (5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3) and Citrobacter freudii (2); 2 and 5 isolates had extended spectrum beta-lactamases (#LEE) and AMP C #-lactamases, respectively. Resolution of fever occurred in the first 36 hours in the majority of the patients (87%), independent of resistance profile of the isolates. This being a reliable parameter of clinical response to empirical anitbiotic therapy with aminoglycosides. Conclusions: febrile UTI was the main clinical presentation with a high percentage of RF identified only by history and physical examination. #LEE+ or AmpC+ bacteria were isolated from the community. At an institutional level the use of aminoglycosides are a good alternative for the initial treatment due to the good clinical response and low level of resistance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Urinary Tract , Congenital Abnormalities , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux , Escherichia coli , Anti-Bacterial Agents , PyelonephritisABSTRACT
Con el fin de evaluar el efecto de la complementación con heno-melaza-urea sobre la ganancia de peso, duración de lactancia y producción láctea en 31 cabras criollas, se realizó un ensayo en San José de los Ranchos, municipio Torres del estado Lara, Venezuela. Las cabras, con un peso vivo promedio de 28,87 ± 2 Kg., fueron sometidas a través de un diseño completamente aleatorizado a los siguientes tratamientos, To: Testigo (pastoreo y ramoneo de especies nativas exclusivamente); T1: To + heno (55,55%)-melaza (44,45%) y T2: To + heno (53,19%)-melaza (42,55%)-urea (4,26%), siendo complementados ambos grupos cuando los animales eran encorralados durante la noche. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (P<0,05), entre tratamientos, sobre la ganancia diaria de peso con medias de 91,61; 55,86 y 25,40 g para T2, T1 y To, respectivamente. La producción de leche y duración de la lactancia, no fueron estadísticamente diferentes (P>0,05), con medias de 16,30; 17,51 y 18,70 Kg./ semana y 9,00; 8,43 y 9,00 semanas para To, T1 y T2, respectivamente. Se puede concluir que la complementación con heno-melaza-urea constituye una fuente nutricional potencial para recuperar la condición corporal de cabras criollas lactantes, manejadas en condiciones extensivas similares a las descritas en este ensayo.
In order to evaluate complementation effects of hay-molasses-urea on average daily gain, lactation length and lactation yield with 31 native goats, a trial was carried out in San Jose de los Ranchos, Torres Municipality, Lara State, Venezuela. Goats with average weight of 28.87 ± 2 kg, were submitted to a completely random design to To: Control (grazing and browsing only); T1: To + hay (55.55%), molasses (44.45%) and T2: To + hay (53.19%), molasses (42.55%), urea (4.26%), being complemented both groups when animals were gathered during night time. There was significant differences (P<0.05) on average daily gain with means of 91.61, 55.86 and 25.40 g for T2, T1 and To, respectively. Milk yield and lactation length were no statistically different (P>0.05), with means of 16.30, 17.51 and 18.70 kg/week and 9.0, 8.43 and 9.0 weeks for To, T1 and T2, respectively. So, it can be pointed out that hay-molasses-urea complementation, constitutes a potential nutritional source to recuperate body condition of lactating native goats raised under extensive conditions similar to those described in this trial.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed/adverse effects , Goats/growth & development , Molasses/adverse effects , Urea/adverse effects , Weight Gain , Animal Nutrition SciencesABSTRACT
Intrahepatic and subcapsular hematomas are described as complications of percutaneous liver biopsy. Even though, its incidence is not clearly stablished. Through this study we try to sert which is the real incidence of this complication in our medium. To comply with this, we control our patients by ultrasonography before, after, and even seven days after procedure has been carried out