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Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 26(1): 109-118, ene.-mar. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094358

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo estudiamos el grado de tolerancia a metales pesados de hongos y bacterias aisladas de suelos con y sin rizósfera, con el propósito de conocer su potencial para aplicaciones en biorremediación. Las muestras procedían del pasivo minero de Santa Rosa de Jangas. Los hongos y bacterias aislados fueron identificados taxonómicamente mediante el análisis de la región ITS y 16S ADNr, respectivamente. El índice de tolerancia a metales pesados se calculó usando medio salino suplementado con 1 mM a plomo (II), cobre (II), niquel (II) o zinc (II), y 0.1 mM a plata (I), cromo (VI) o cadmio (II). En total se aislaron 23 hongos y 18 bacterias. Las cepas de hongos con mejores índices de tolerancia fueron: Fusarium temperatum CTLM05 (Pb+2), Fusarium temperatum CTLM08 (Zn+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM18 (Ni+2 y Cd+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM12 (Ag+1), Fusarium inflexum CTLM22 (Cu+2) y Penicillium vanluykii CTLM11 (Cr+6). Las cepas de bacterias con mayores índices de tolerancia fueron Bacillus licheniformis SSR18 (Cd+2, Ni+2 y Zn+2), Bacillus subtilis SSR3 (Pb+2), Serratia sp. SSR15 (Cu+2), Serratia sp. SSR13 (Ag+1) y Bacillus cereus SSR01 (Cr+6). También se encontró que los hongos mostraron mejores índices de tolerancia que las bacterias. Finalmente, los suelos del pasivo ambiental minero de Santa Rosa de Jangas poseen una microflora interesante, probablemente con mecanismos para su adaptación, crecimiento y desarrollo sobre metales pesados y pueden ser de utilidad para el desarrollo de procesos biotecnológicos y biorremediación.


In this work, we studied the degree of tolerance to heavy metals of fungi and bacteria isolated from soils with and without rhizosphere, in order to know its potential for applications in bioremediation. The samples came from Santa Rosa de Jangas mining liability. The fungi and bacterial strains were taxonomically identified by ITS region and 16S rDNA analysis, respectively. Heavy metal tolerance indices were calculate using salt medium supplemented with 1mM of lead (II), cupper (II), nickel (II) or zinc (II); and 0.1 mM of silver (I), chromium(VI) or cadmium (II). It was isolated 23 fungi and 18 bacteria strains. The fungi with better tolerance indices were Fusarium temperatum CTLM05 (Pb+2), Fusarium temperatum CTLM08 (Zn+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM18 (Ni+2 and Cd+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM12 (Ag+1), Fusarium inflexum CTLM22 (Cu+2), and Penicillium vanluykii CTLM11 (Cr+6). Likewise, the bacterial strains with better tolerance indices were Bacillus licheniformis SSR18 (Cd+2, Ni+2 and Zn+2), Bacillus subtilis SSR3 (Pb+2), Serratia sp. SSR15 (Cu+2), Serratia sp. SSR13 (Ag+1) and Bacillus cereus SSR01 (Cr+6). Too, it was found that fungi showed better tolerance indices than bacterial strains. Finally, the soil from Santa Rosa waste mine have an interesting microflora, probably with mechanisms for their adaptation, growth, and development were heavy metals are present and they could be useful to perform biotechnology and bioremediation processes.

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