ABSTRACT
To observe the effect of olfactory training on mice with olfactory dysfunction induced by 3-methylindole (3-MI). Thirty-one male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by random digits table: control group (group A, 10), olfactory dysfunction group (group B, 10) and olfactory dysfunction+olfactory training group (group C, 11). Mice in group B and group C were intraperitoneally injected with 150 mg/kg 3-MI to induce olfactory dysfunction model, while mice in group A were intraperitoneally injected with corn oil of the same volume. From the first day after injection, mice in group C were treated with 4 kinds of odors by inhalation, while mice in group B were treated with distilled water by inhalation, with 2 times/d, 30 min/time/kind of odor, and continuous training for 28 d. Group A was not treated. Buried food pellet tests were conducted before injection and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection, respectively. The olfactory epithelium was harvested for observation of the number of olfactory marker protein (OMP) and the thickness of olfactory epithelium on the 28th day after injection. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Before injection, all mice in each group had no olfactory dysfunction. At the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after injection, the food finding time of mice in group C was shorter than that in group B, and the difference was statistically significant ((175.88±100.50) s (266.73±46.83) s, (132.00±84.62) s (264.10±48.50) s, (103.57±77.43) s (197.43±69.78) s, (67.79±32.54) s (176.63±61.06) s, all 0.05), but food finding time of mice in group B and C was longer than that in group A (the food finding time of group A at the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after injection was (27.13±5.36) s, (25.83±7.28) s, (23.13±2.72) s, (26.63±7.60) s, respectively, all 0.05). At the 28th day after olfactory training, the number of OMP positive cells in group B and C were fewer than that in group A, and the difference was statistically significant ((108.00±28.19)/HP (288.22±84.06)/HP, (199.33±58.55)/HP (288.22±84.06)/HP, all 0.05). The number of OMP positive cells in group C were higher than that in group B (0.05). The number of OMP positive cells had negative correlation with food finding time (=-0.886, 0.01). As for the thickness of the olfactory epithelium, the thickness of group B was thinner than that in group A and C, and the difference was statistically significant ((59.57±31.27) μm (114.55±40.70)μm (90.54±37.72) μm, all 0.05). Olfactory training can accelerate the recovery of olfactory function in 3-MI-induced olfactory impaired mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective • To discuss the health resources and service development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals in Shanghai from 2009 to 2016. Methods • Analysis of the health resources and service development of TCM hospitals in Shanghai from 2009 to 2016 were conducted by calculating composition ratios and growth rates according to the data from the statistical yearbooks. Results • All the indexes of the health resources and services of TCM hospitals in Shanghai, 2009-2016, increased every year, and the numbers of beds, medical technical personnel, licensed (assistant) doctors, registered nurses, outpatients and inpatients increased by 71.72%, 53.80%, 46.83%, 76.84%, 78.20%, and 120.30%, respectively. The proportions of TCM hospitals beds and health technicians in all the city's hospitals increased by 1.70% and 1.18% on the basis of 7.06% and 9.58%, respectively. The year-on-year growth rates of beds ranged from 1.86% to 22.52%, and rates of health technicians ranged from 0.17% to 15.46%. Daily visits each doctor and daily bed days each doctor in TCM hospitals increased by an average of 2.90% and 0.07% a year, respectively. Conclusion • There was a significant increase in health resources and service development of the TCM hospitals in Shanghai from 2009 to 2016, and the work efficiency were improved. And there was a little increase in the proportion of the relevant indexes in all the city's hospitals. However, some problems do exist, such as the weak integral strength and the unstable growth of TCM hospitals.