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Objective To report the application of C7T1extensive osteotomy and C7pedicle subtraction osteotomy(PSO) in the correction of cervicothoracic deformity secondary to ankylosing spondylitis(AS)and to investigate the efficacy and safety of the techniques.Methods Between April 2006 and August 2017,eight male patients with cervicothoracic deformity undergoing C7T1extensive osteotomy(3 cases)or C7PSO(5 cases)were retrospectively reviewed.The mean age was 31.3±14.9 years(range, 14-60 years).C2-T1kyphosis,C2-T1scoliosis and C2-T1sagittal vertical axis(SVA)were measured on the lateral cervical radio-graphs and chin-brow vertical angle(CBVA)was measured on clinical photographs preoperatively and at the final follow-up.The operative time, blood loss and complications were recorded. Results The average follow-up duration was (11.3 ± 7.9) months (range,3-48 months).In C7T1extensive osteotomy group,the mean operative time was 305 min(300-310 min)and the average blood loss was 1 250 ml(1 000-1 500 ml).Preoperative and postoperative C2-T1kyphosis were 17.0°±16.3°and-13.3°±20.2°,re-spectively.The preoperative CBVA was 20.0°±4.5°,which improved to 4.7°±5.9°at the final follow-up with a mean correction rate of 76.5%.C2-T1SVA was improved from(6.9±4.0)cm preoperatively to(3.5±1.8)cm at the final follow-up with an average correc-tion rate of 49.3%.In C7PSO group,the mean operative time was 536 min(375-730 min)and the average blood loss was 2 450 ml (700-4 200 ml).There were four patients with concomitant scoliosis and kyphosis.Preoperative and postoperative C2-T1kyphosis were 22.8°±10.5°and-13.5°±10.0°,respectively.The preoperative C2-T1scoliosis was 24.8°±12.7°,which improved to 5.0°±3.5° at the final follow-up with a mean correction rate of 79.8%.CBVA was improved from 60.5°±10.2°preoperatively to 14.3°±8.6°at the final follow-up with an average correction rate of 76.4%.C2-T1SVA was corrected to(6.4±2.5)cm at the final follow-up from(10.4 ± 4.3) cm preoperatively. One patient was presented with severe cervicothoracic scoliosis and the C2-T1scoliosis was im-proved to 10°from 33°with a 69.7% correction rate.No neurological complications,infection,or implant-related complications were observed both intraoperatively and during the follow-up period.One patient who underwent C7PSO experienced intraopera-tive subluxation of the osteomized vertebra.Fortunately,there was no neurological deficit.Solid bony fusion was observed after six-month Halo-vest immobilization.Conclusion Both C7T1extensive osteotomy and C7PSO are effective in the correction of cervico-thoracic deformity secondary to AS with acceptable complication rate.C7PSO is particularly suitable for the correction of severe and complicated biplanar cervicothoracic deformity.
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Objective To study the effect of coenzymes complex combined with vitamin E on liver and kidney inju-ry induced by neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods One hundred and fifty full-term neonatals with hyperbilirubinemia were chosen as observation groups, who were divided into mild, moderate and severe groups according bilirubin. Forty five healthy full-term newborns in the same period, who are either healthy or with physiological jaundice, were selected as con-trol group. Serum total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GGT) , Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cys-C were measured within 24 hours of hospital admission.The observation groups were randomly divided into regular and combined treatment groups. Coenzymes complex combined with vitamin E were given in addition to regular method to combined group while reg-ular group only received regular methods.All above biochemical indexes were tested in the 7th day after medication admin-istration. Results Serum MDA were higher in all observation groups (mild, moderate and severe groups) than in control group (P＜0.05);but the levels ofγ-GGT and Cys-C increased in moderate and severe groups compared with control group (P＜0.05). There were positive correlations (P＜0.05) between levels of serum total bilirubin with MDA,γ-GGT and Cys-C. Positive linear correlation were found between MDA with γ-GGT and Cys-C(P＜0.01). After early intervention,γ-GGT, Cys-C and MDA declined with drop of bilirubin level. This is more prominent and faster in a in combined treatment group than regular group (P＜0.05).Conclusion In hyperbilirubinemia newborns, lipid peroxidation activated by bilirubin may lead to damages of liver and kidney. Coenzymes combined with vitamin E have protective effect to these damages.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of 83 site in interaction of GluR2 C-terminal and PICK1 PDZ domain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Docking structure of PICK1 PDZ domain with GluR2 C terminal PDZ binding motif was built with computer software. After K83 site was substituted by other amino acid, the structure and binding energy were recalculated; meanwhile, site specific mutants were constructed using wild type full length cDNA as template. Mutants were co-transfected with GluR2 into HEK293T cells. After staining, the distribution of PICK1 and GluR2 were observed under confocal microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Wild type PICK1 and GluR2 formed many co-clusters in HEK293T cells as reported by other research groups; but different K83 mutant had different distribution in HEK293T cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The K83 site in PDZ domain of PICK1 is important for the interaction between PICK1 and GluR2. Altering lysine will probably change the hydrophobic interactions, the hydrogen bonds or the electrostatic interactions formed between PICK1 PDZ domain and GluR2 C terminal; accordingly, that will change the binding capacity between PICK1 and GluR2 in varying degrees.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Binding Sites , Carrier Proteins , Chemistry , Metabolism , Computer Simulation , HEK293 Cells , Nuclear Proteins , Chemistry , Metabolism , PDZ Domains , Protein Binding , Receptors, AMPA , MetabolismABSTRACT
For expression of foreign genes in plant, plant virus vector provides many advantages, such as high expression level, short expression period and wider plant hosts. In the present study, we report the expression of thymosin alpha 1 (Talpha1) in tomato fruits by potato virus X (PVX) vector. Talpha1 gene fragment from plasmid pGEM-T containing Talpha1 gene was cloned into plant virus vector pGR107 and the resulting pGR107-Talpha1 plasmid was confirmed by digestion with Sal I and Cla I. To express the Talpha1 protein, Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 transformed with pGR107-Talpha1 was directly injected into tomato fruits through the fruit stylar apex at different developmental stages. The ELISA results showed that Talpha1 protein was expressed successfully in fruits, and the highest expression level was obtained from 2.5-3 week-old tomato fruits inoculated by bacterium at 1.0 OD600 density.