comparative study of birth order and creativity among siblings

The present research aimed at comparing the creativity and birth order among siblings. The data was collected by using snowball-sampling technique. The sample was collected from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Total 75 individuals were taken in the sample, 25 individuals were first born, 25 were second born and 25 were last born. The age range of sample was from 16 to 23 years, educated individuals [intermediate level, graduate level and masters] were taken and the Test of Creativity was individually administered on them. It was hypothesized that first borns would be more creative as compared to later borns [second borns and third borns]. One of the objectives of the study was to explore the gender differences on creativity. To study creativity with educational level was another objective of the study. Comparison among three siblings was made by applying ANOVA and there was a significant difference among first borns, second borns and third borns. Results were calculated by using ANOVA and t-test. Hypothesis of the study proved that first borns scored high on the Test of creativity as compared to second borns and third borns. Thus it is proved that first born are more creative as compared to second borns and third born. The results for gender differences were not significant, whereas, significant mean differences on creativity were found with educational level. So, creativity is independent of gender but dependent on educational level

Mental health of the spouses of cardiovascular patients

The present research is conducted in order to investigate the mental health of the wives of husbands with cardiovascular diseases and the wives of normal husbands. IPAT ANXIETY and IPAT DEPRESSION scales were administered to 100 wives and they were asked to mention their demographic data. It was hypothesized that wives of husbands with cardiovascular diseases will obtain high Sten scores on depression and anxiety scales as compared to wives of normal husbands. 100 participants were divided into two groups out of which 50 wives were of the patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and 50 wives were of the normal individuals. Chi-square test was applied for the statistical analysis of the data. The results of the present study show that the wives of cardiovascular husbands are more depressed [x[2] = 33.74, df= 1, p<.001] and anxious [x[2] = 33.96, df= 1, p<.001] than the wives of normal husbands