ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in young patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.Methods:A total of 260 patients younger than 45 years old who received treatment at the Department of Emergency, Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were included in this study. Among these patients, 126 patients with serum homocysteine levels ≥ 15.0 μmol/L were included in the hyperhomocysteinemia group, and 134 patients with serum homocysteine levels < 15.0 μmol/L were included in the control group. Height, body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, homocysteine, fasting blood glucose, blood uric acid, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide were determined in each group. Changes in risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were compared between the hyperhomocysteinemia and control groups.Results:There were significant differences in body mass index [(26.42 ± 3.54) kg/m 2vs. (22.14 ± 3.22) kg/m 2, t = 10.21, P = 0.016], blood uric acid [(308.71 ± 78.44) μmol/L vs. (285.05 ± 92.09) μmol/L, t = 2.22, P = 0.027], the incidence of coronary heart disease (73/126 vs. 61/134, χ2 = 4.00, P = 0.045) and the incidence of stroke (19/126 vs. 6/134, χ2 = 8.39, P = 0.004) between the hyperhomocysteinemia and control groups. There were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose, blood lipid level, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide, and the incidences of diabetes mellitus and hypertension between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:The related risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increase in young patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. The incidences of coronary heart disease and stroke are very high, and therefore timely intervention should be carried out.
ABSTRACT
Objective The protective effect of oleanolic acid on acute cholestatic liver injury in rats. Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n= 10 per group): sham group, bile duct ligated (BDL) group, and bile duct ligated with oleanolic acid (BDL+OA ) group. After 7 days, liver samples in all rats were collected. Expressions of bile acids pump and nuclear receptors at mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT- qPCR and Western blotting. Results At mRNA level, the expression of Mrp4 and Oatp1 expression in the BDL and BDL+OA groups were increased as compared with that in the sham group. The expression of Mrp4 increased 1.8 times in the BDL group and increased 2.3 times in the BDL+OA group (P<0.05), but the expression of Oatp1 was not statistically significant; AhR was increased 1.7-fold in the BDL group and 2.8 times in the BDL+OA group, Nrf2 was increased 1.5-fold in the BDL group and 2.1 times in the BDL+OA group with statistically significant difference. At the protein level, in the BDL group, Mrp4 expression increased 1.3 times, Oatp1 expression increased 1.5 times, AhR expression increased 1.3 times, Nrf2 expression increased 1.4 fold; in the BDL+OA group, Mrp4 expression increased 1.8 fold, AhR expression increased 1.9 fold, with statistical significance between the two groups. Oatp1 expression increased 1.4-fold in the BDL+OA group as compared with the BDL group showing no statistical significance. Conclusions Oleanolic acid stimulates the hepatic expression of bile acids pump Mrp4 associated with the activation of nuclear receptors AhR and Nrf2 in acute bile ductligated rats.