Knowledge of nursing students regarding housing characteristics and its evaluation

Objective The purpose of this research study is to assess the knowledge of housing characteristics and associated health problems in nursing students of Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS]. Moreover, nursing students' knowledge about housing condition and public health risks were also analyzed

Methodology The study was conducted at Institute of Nursing, DUHS, Karachi. In 2012, 90 nursing students were asked to participate in this study with their consents. A teaching session was conducted as a part of this study that lasted for two hours. At the end of teaching session students were requested to fill out the questionnaire about their housing condition and health related problems along with a feedback of the session

Results The study highlighted that on average, participants had been living in the same housing for the last one year, with median and inter-quartile range of 12 and 16 months respectively. Twelve participants [13%] mentioned that they had suffered from diarrhea or vomiting during last three months, and 7.6% participants reported that their housing conditions were affecting their respiratory health. A large number of participants [89.1%] and [87.2%] did not find any visible mold in their house/hostel or kitchen respectively. Almost 61% and 80% participants reported about the mechanical ventilation and window in the bathroom respectively

Conclusion Reduction in dampness results in improvement of various health symptoms. House dust mite can be controlled through constant mechanical ventilation. The majority of the participants showed willingness towards such seminars and discussions for their future classes

Descriptive analysis of alleged rape/sexual assault incidents in Rawalakot, AJK

To describe the socio-demographic along with the medico-legal characteristics of rape assailants and victims reporting to a police station in Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir. Retrospective study. This study was carried out at Forensic Medicine Department, Poonch Medical College, Rawalkot Jan 2007 to April 2015. This was a retrospective cohort study in which a total of 67 cases of alleged rape victims were identified while reviewing all available police files concerning reported rapes and attempted rapes from 2007to 2015. The data was gathered on preformed questionnaires after conducting the pilot study. All information about victims and alleged offenders were extracted from the police files including socio-demographic profile of the both the accused and victim i.e age of the victim and assailant, marital status of assailant and victim, time of incident,number of accused persons and whether challan was filed or otherwise. A total of 67 cases were collected from the police records regarding the alleged rape cases. Maximum number of victims belonged to age group of 21 to 30 years and most offenders also belonged to same age group. 70.1% [n=47 of victims and 79.1% [n=53] of assailants were unmarried. In most of the cases, one offender was involved while gang rape constituted 6% [n=4] of cases. Most cases were reported between 1200-1800 Hrs followed by 0600-1200 Hrs. The total no of cases year wise are 4 in 2007, 4 in 2008, 7 in 2009, 5 in2010,13 in 2011, 5 in2012, 11 in 2013, 13 in 2014 and 5 in first 4 months of 2015

autopsy study of asphyxial deaths

The study includes autopsy examination of 132 cases of asphyxial deaths, brought by the police at Department of Forensic Medicine, K.E.M.U., Lahore during the year 2002, 2003 and 2004. The study revealed that the female to male ratio was 2:3 and individuals in the third decade of life are maximally involved. The ligature was a single loop in 77.7% of the cases and multiple in 22.3% of the cases. The most frequent non-specific asphyxial signs were congestion [72.7% of the cases] and petecheal haemorrhages [78%] cases. The hyoid bone was fractured in 22.7% cases. The associated injuries found were, physical and sexual in nature in 65% of the cases examined

Incidence of mode of death and organ damage

To correlate organ damage with modes of death. Department of Forensic Medicine, Khyber Medical College Peshawar. January 2007 to December 2007. The record of one hundred cases autopsied in the morgue was perused, carefully scrutinized and segregated, and information entered in the tables for analysis. The commonest mode of death was syncope [44%]. coma [40%] and asphyxia [16%]. Organs most commonly involved were brain [43%], lungs [22%], abdominal viscera [17%], heart [15%] and major blood vessel [3%]. Brain damage is commoner than the injuries of the heart, lungs and viscera followed by damage to the major blood vessels

autopsy study with respect to caste, age and sex during 2007 at Khyber medical college Peshawar

To find age, sex and caste incidence and its percentage in cases autopsied during the year 2007. Department of Forensic Medicine. Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. Jan-2007-Dec-2007. To probe into the causes of origin for violence, with reference to caste age and sex in the precincts of Peshawar. A proforma was designed for retrospective study, relevant information was filled from the available data of the autopsy cases: which had been personally examined. The total number of cases was one hundred. 82 males and 18 females were examined during the study. 51% of the victims fell in the 21-35 year age group, while 3% fell in the 71-85 year age group. 7 cases were identified. 96% of them were Afghans, while 4 victims were unknown 4%. Illiteracy and harsh environment breeds violence

Incidence of homicide by sharp edged weapon at Lahore

To find out the most frequently targeted site of the body in sharp force homicidal injuries, defence wounds, age, associated weapon use, gender incidence and cause of death. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. 2002, 2003 and 2004. Proforma was designed for retrospective study, relevant information was gleaned from the available record .A three year period was selected, spreading over 2002, 2003 and 2004, was scrutinised for 232 cases autopsied at this facility. Male to female ratio was 2.26: 1. Maximum number of victims belonged to the 20-29 years age group. Single injuries were present in 18.54% of the cases and multiple were present in 81.46% cases. The commonest associated weapon used was blunt. Death was caused by haemorrhage in 46.5% cases and damage to vital organs proved to be the cause of death in 53.5% cases. Defence injuries were seen in 26.7% cases. The commonest infliction site was the neck in females while the area most targeted in male victims was the chest. The most targeted site is neck. Approximately one in four victims had defence injuries. Most injuries are on trunk [chest and abdomen]. Commonest regions for males was chest and in females. Damage to vital organs was the major cause of death. Amongst females teenager are more vulnerable, as this group had the maximum number of victims

Complete mouth rehabilitation by osteointegrated implant fixed bridges

A complete mouth has been replaced by fix prosthesis based on two stage osteointegrated implants. However the use of implants in edentulous arches needs to be emphasized the aim of this case report is to highlight the current prosthetic management of edentulous patients by means of fixed implant supported PFM bridges in the scope of a dental implant system