Histopathological Study of Neoplastic Lesions of Breast.

Aims and Objectives: 1) To study the incidence of various neoplastic lesions of breast. 2) To study the histopathological features of neoplasms and classify them according to WHO classification (2003). 3) To compare the results of study with those of other studies. Materials and Methods: The present study was prospective as well as retrospective which include 252 cases from October 2005 to October 2010. The specimens were received in different forms such as excisional biopsies, modified radical mastectomies, simple mastectomies, tru-cut biopsies, wide local excision and quadrantectomy specimens. Detail gross examination was done for each specimen and histopathological features were studied to classify neoplasms according to WHO classification 2003. Results: Out of total 9086 biopsies, breast biopsies were 366 (4%) during this 5 year study. Total 252 breast neoplasms were studied, where, the incidence of benign neoplasms was 50.4% (127 cases) & for malignant neoplasms was 49.6% (125 cases). Among all types of specimen received, excision biopsy was most common (48%). Upper outer quadrant was most commonly involved region for breast neoplasms. Fibroadenoma, benign phyllodes neoplasm, tubular adenoma, central papilloma, peripheral papilloma, lipoma and neurofibroma were seen among benign neoplasms. While invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified, mixed carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, malignant phyllodes neoplasm, invasive lobular carcinoma, invasive papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, intracystic papillary carcinoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath neoplasm and collision neoplasm were studied among malignant neoplasms. The most common benign neoplasm was fibroadenoma (87%) and invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (88%) was malignant neoplasm. Conclusions: Fibroadenoma was the most common (87%) benign breast neoplasm. Among all malignant breast neoplasms, invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified was most common (88%). In cases of benign neoplasms, the highest incidence was found in the age group of 10-20 years (37%) while in the malignant neoplasms, it was 40 - 60 years (51.2%). The incidence of malignant breast neoplasm in male was 2.4%.

Locally Confined Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate with Immunohistochemical Analysis.

A case of locally confined primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate in an 85 years old male with complaints of retention of urine, dysuria and frequent nocturia is reported. On per rectal digital examination, hard nodular prostate of grade 3 enlargement was palpated. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 33.7ng/ ml. Chest x-ray and computed tomography of the pelvis was negative for metastatic disease. Hematological and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. Transurethral prostatic biopsy was done and histopathology revealed the diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) with bilateral orchidectomy along with radiotherapy was selected as modality of treatment. After histopathological examination of TURP specimen with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain, a diagnosis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of prostate was given which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.

Heavy infestation of Isospora belli causing severe watery diarrhea.

A 35-year-old male, positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibodies, was found to have heavy infestation by Isospora belli, leading to gastrointestinal opportunistic infection. Stool sample of the patient presenting with diarrhea of 2 months duration showed numerous oocysts of I. belli. His blood CD4 count was 85/cmm. The patient was from a slum area with poor sanitation. He was put on antimicrobial agent trimethoprim-sulfmethoxazole and was followed up. However, he died after 1 month of treatment.