Pure Yolk sac presenting with inferior vena cava thrombus extending from bilateral external iliac veins to hepatic vein

ABSTRACT Introduction: Vena cava thrombus is an extremely rare complication of testicular tumors. We report on an unusual case of testicular tumor presenting with inferior vena cava thrombus extending from the left spermatic and bilateral external iliac veins to the hepatic vein. Case report: A-35-year old man presented with a 6-month history of left scrotal mass and a 1-day history of bilateral lower extremity edema. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the presence of thrombus extending from the left spermatic vein and bilateral external iliac veins to the hepatic vein, and multiple lymph node and lung metastases. 3 cycles of chemotherapy were given after the left high inguinal orchiectomy. Pathological examination demonstrated a pure yolk sac carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion and direct tumor extension into the left spermatic cord. CT and positron emission tompgraphy-CT obtained no findings of metastasis or recurrence at 3 months after the chemotherapy. Conclusion: We review this seldom case and discuss the literature with regard to its diagnosis and treatment.

The long-term results of temporary urethral stent placement for the treatment of recurrent bulbar urethral stricture disease

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the long term outcomes of temporary urethral stent placement for the treatment of recurrent bulbar urethral stricture. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients who underwent temporary polymer coated urethral stent placement due to recurrent bulbar urethral stricture between 2010 and 2014 were enrolled in the study. The long term outcomes of the patients were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.3±6.4 (44–81). The overall clinical success was achieved in 18 (64.2%) of the 28 patients at a median (range) follow-up of 29 (7–46) months. No patient reported discomfort at the stent site. Stone formation was observed at the urethral stent implantation area only in one patient. Stenosis occurred in the distal end of the stents in two patients and took place in bulbar urethra in seven patients after removed the stents. The mean maximum urine flow rates were 6.24±2.81mL/sec and 19.12±4.31mL/sec before and at 3 months after the procedure, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the success rate of temporary urethral stent placement has remained at 64.2% at a median follow-up of 29 months. Therefore, our outcomes have not achieved desired success rate for the standard treatment of recurrent bulbar urethral stricture.