ABSTRACT
Simvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA [3-hydroxy 3-Methyl glutaryl Coenzyme A] reductase. Present study proposed that the lipid lowering effect of simvastatin may be enhanced, if it was taken with fat free diet and morning walk. Cross Sectional Study. This study was conducted at Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore for a period of six months from December 2009 to May 2010. 20 male and 20 female obese patients were selected. The obese patients were re-examined three times i.e. before giving the simvastatin, then after 6 and 12 weeks. The patients were advised to take fat free diet and a morning walk. Serum Cholesterol, serum Triglycerides and serum Lipoprotiens [HDL, LDL] were determined. This study shows that with use of simvastatin, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum LDL-Cholesterol was reduced significantly and serum HDL-Cholesterol increased significantly in both sexes. It was also observed that the fat free diet and some exercise causes weight reduction. It is therefore concluded that simvastatin shows significant lipid lowering effects augment process of body weight reduction, if patients used calorie restricted diet with some morning walk
ABSTRACT
An inverse relationship between the bilirubin level and ischaemic heart disease was accounted. Cross Sectional Study. This study was conducted at Dept. of Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore from Feb. 2007 to July 2007. Study was performed to determine if serum bilirubin, when combined with various risk factors like lipid and lipoprotein predict ischemic heart disease [IHD]. It is observed that the bilirubin is negatively correlated with hemoglobin, albumin, HDL and LDL-cholesterol. On the other hand a direct correlation with total lipid, cholesterol and ratio of cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol is also observed. High level of serum creatinine level was also found in the patients as compared to normal subject. Our study observed not a definite relationship between serum bilirubin and IHD. Hence the relationships between bilirubin and lipoproteins [risk factors of IHD] require further clarification, although abnormal intermediary metabolism and antioxidant deficiency may be possible linking factors
ABSTRACT
We prospectively conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pleural fluid estimation and find the rate of tubercular infection in the people with pleural effusion in city of Lahore. Pleural TB is a common form of extrapulmonary disease and may occur in the presence or absence of pulmonary parenchymal disease on the chest radiograph. Prospective Study. This study was conducted in the Biochemistry Department, FJMC, Lahore from May 2010 to Nov. 2010. This study to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pleural fluid estimation and tubercular infection in the people with pleural effusion. All patients aged 22 years and older with clinical and radiographic findings consistent with pleural effusion due to TB admitted to the hospital were evaluated consecutively. The studies were performed on pleural fluid samples: glucose and protein were estimated. Specific gravity was calculated. Cell count, differential cell count, bacterial culture, acid-fast bacilli smear were performed using standard procedures. Specimen was cultured, if effusion contains more than 150 WBC/cumm. It was observed that the level of fluid glucose was increased in both sexes as compared to the normal reported values. Level of fluid protein was more in both sexes as compared to the normal reported values. However level of pH was neutral in both sexes. Present study found that pleural TB is still a major cause of pleural effusion in the city of Lahore, and microbiological and biochemical investigation may be helpful in diagnosing the disease
ABSTRACT
Reduction in body weight by energy-restrictive diet and/or by increased physical activity reduces several health hazards associated with obesity including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnoea, hypoxemia osteoarthritis, etc. the effect of weight loss by energy-restrictive diet on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women who are non-diabetic and obese, is not well-established. This study is based on the hypothesis that weight-reduction through caloric restriction may normalize the obesity-induced hyperinsuliemia or insulin resistance in postmenopausal obese women who are at a great risk of development of glucose intolerance. Twenty non-diabetic postmenopausal females aged 45 to 55 years with body mass index [BMI] 30 or above kg/m[2] were placed at a low caloric diet [1000-1400 kcal], for 60 days. Following 60-day dietary treatment BMI reduced from 32.94 +/- 1.68 [Mean +/- SD] to 30.09 +/- 1.72 kg/m[2] [P<0.001]. The reduction in BMI in our study population was associated with decrease in fasting levels of insulin [from 219.48 +/- 14.10 to 150.25 +/- 19.69. The findings of the present study suggest that weight reduction through caloric restriction is an effective measure to normalize the obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia in postmenopausal women who are non-diabetic and obese, hence decreasing the risk of development of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance
ABSTRACT
Depression is an illness that involves feelings of sadness lasting for two weeks or longer, often accompanied by a loss of interest in life, hopelessness, and decreased energy. It is a medical illness linked to changes in the biochemistry of the brain. Lithium is used for acute mania or prevention of recurrences of bipolar manic-depressive illness in adults. Lithium is a toxic drug and not metabolized in the body. Twenty patients with manic depression, 5 with hypomania and 5 hysteria were taken in the study. Effect of lithium on biochemical parameters like serotonin [5'hydroxy tryptamine], CPK and lithium were determined. Lithium treatment when applied to patients suffering from depression increases level of 5'HT, which is beneficial. However, increase in levels of serum CPK and lithium also occurs which may be toxic. Hence care needs to be taken in treatment to avoid brain damage to patients. It is therefore concluded that during lithium treatment careful monitoring of lithium blood level must be done to ensure adequate therapeutic efficacy without toxicity
ABSTRACT
The major obstacle limiting the use of aminoglycoside, antibiotics has been and continue to be the possibility of drug induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Changes in biochemical parameters related to nephropathy before and after of nigella sativa is observed. Five Rabbits were included in the study. Nephrotoxicity was induced with gentatamycin. Extract of Nigella Sativa was given for 20 days and estimated the biochemical changes related to kidney function. Blood samples were taken before and after the administration of Nigella Sativa [at 11 days and 21 days]. It is therefore concluded that although nigella sativa shows a significant effect on nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin but its effect on the level of serum calcium and cholesterol may be dangerous. However further research is needed on large number of rabbits to reach on a definite