ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus, a chronic disease is usually associated and linked to many other conditions and complications. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [COPD]; a life threatening progressive inflammatory lung disease associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema; when associated with Diabetes Mellitus generates a huge burden on patients quality of life as well as on health care systems
Objective: Although link between DM and COPD is not scientifically established or confirmed yet, however evidence suggest a pathophysiological correlation between both conditions might be present. This study focuses upon impact of DM on the onset of COPD and to find if there is any evidence of the suggested pathophysiological correlation
Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed 120 cases of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [COPD], data collected from General Medical Units and Pulmonary Ward of Liaquat University Teaching Hospital, Jamshoro / Hyderabad from January till June, 2016
Results: The majority of cases with COPD were male representing 81.6% of the sample population, almost 90% of patients were smokers or ex-smokers, 42.50% of COPD patients were suffering from DM and 76.47% were either non-compliant or had a very poor control over their blood glucose level. Blood glucose levels of most of the patients was from 140 mg/dl to 500 mg/dl and 19.60% of patients reached diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA] once at least
Conclusion: DM increases the risk for occurrence of COPD and cause rapid decline in clinical state of the patient. Unlike cardiovascular complication of diabetes in case of diabetic patients with COPD the lower the BMI the higher the risk of mortality
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the application on growth of anginosus group of Streptococci [AGS] by Ps. aeruginosa when grown together, and the effect on the virulence of Ps. aeruginosa when grown together with AGS on a biofilm model
METHODOLOGY: In this study we used nitrocellulose filter paper as biofilm model representing the lung epithelium. The AGS strains used were AGS F [S. constellatus from bronchiectasis], AGS 3a [S. anginosus from cystic fibrosis exacerbation], AGS PC 4890 [S. anginosus from dental plaque], AGS 2227 [S. Intermedius from unknown source], AGS EF 52 [S. contellatus from supra gingival plaque], AGS AC 9612 [S. anginosus from supra gingival dental plaque], AGS AM 699 [S. constellatus from supra gingival dental plaque] and AGS 1a [S. anginosus from cystic fibrosis exacerbation]. Ps. aeruginosa strain used was LES 1 [Liverpoolepidemic strain of Ps. Seruginosa]
RESULTS: A concentration of AGS strain in monoculture [1x10[-5]cfu], Ps. aeruginosa monoculture [1x10[-5]cfu], AGS+Ps. aeruginosa mixed culture [1x10[-5]cfu of each] was used to inoculate the biofilm. NAS agar plate and PIA agar plates were used to count the growth of AGS and Ps. Aeruginosarespectively, and pyocyanin and elastase assays were done to check the virulence of the Ps. aeruginosa. It was observed that there was a 10 folds increase in the growth of all the AGS strains; when grown in co-culture with the Ps. aeruginosa strain as compared to when grown in mono culture; both in the 24 and 48 hours aerobically incubated biofilms. When grown in an anaerobic environment AGS in monoculture had the same growth as when grown aerobically with Ps. aeruginosain co culture
There was no effect in the growth of Ps. aeruginosa in mono or co culture with AGS in 24 and 48 hours biofilm
CONCLUSION: The data supported the hypothesis that anginosus group of Streptococci grows better in presence of Ps. Aeruginosain a co-culture, as compared to when grown alone in an anaerobic environment, whereas the virulence factors [ Pyocyanin and Elsastase production] of Ps. aeruginosa increases when grown in co-culture as compared to when grown alone in aerobic conditions