Assessment of iatrogenic damage to adjacent teeth during crown and bridge preparation

Introduction: Iatrogenic damage to the adjacent tooth during crown preparation is a frequent disastrous effect. The aim of the study was, therefore, to determine the frequency of different types, degree and location of iatrogenic damage to the adjacent tooth during crown and bridge preparations in a tertiary care setting that lead towards the morbidity of tooth. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Aga Khan University dental laboratory in two months period in which a total of 150 dental casts fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed using non-probability convenient sampling technique. The casts were examined using 3.5x magnifying loupes for the location, degree and type of damage to the proximal surface adjacent to the prepared tooth using Moonpar and Faulkner criteria. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Chi square test was used to assess the association between the experience of practitioner and degree of damage to adjacent tooth. It was also used to determine the association between location of tooth and degree of damage to adjacent tooth. Inter-examiner reliability was assessed by using kappa statistics. Results: A high prevalence of damage to the proximal surface of adjacent teeth (78% on mesial tooth and 60.6% on distal tooth) was observed, with the majority (32.6%) belonging to the mild categories. There were statistically significant associations between the experience of practitioner and the damage to the surface mesial to the preparation. However, more severe damages occurred in mandibular teeth preparations as compared to maxillary teeth preparations. Conclusions: A high frequency of iatrogenic damage to the adjacent teeth had been found during crown and bridge work with the middle of the tooth as the most susceptible site. However, the majority of damages were of milder type including only abrasions.

Phycochemical and pharmacological studies on ulva fasciata delile

Phycochemical and pharmacological studies were carried out on Ulva fasciata Delile. The ash content was found as 20.4812 % dry weight, moisture content 14.5514 %, total fat content as 0.1878% and 0.49341 %. Total carbohydrate was found as 54.5301-54.2246% dry weight, phenolic content as 0.022%, flavonoids found to be 0.0313% and tannins were 0.00003 %. Ulva fasicata showed central analgesic activity and significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg bw

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities of Macrotyloma uniflorum [Lam.] Verdc.

Macrotyloma uniflorum [Lam.] Verdc. [Papilionaceae] is commonly known as Horse gram and Kulthi. The seeds are reported as anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue. It is also useful in asthma, bronchitis and urolithiasis. In the present study, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects of the methanol extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds were evaluated in doses of 200 and 400mg/kg. Significant results were obtained in all activities

Comparison of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketorolac pretreatment on withdrawal movement induced by rocuronium injection

Introduction: Rocuronium is a widely used monoquaternary aminosteroid nondepolarizing muscle relaxant of intermediate duration with a rapid onset to achieve optimal conditions for endotracheal intubations. The injection of rocuronium bromide during induction of anesthesia has often been associated with pain-induced withdrawal movement near the site of injection. It has been hypothesized that addition of ketorolac and Lidocaine in combination as pretreatment drugs among patients undergoing general anesthesia with rocuronium injection provides a better control of withdrawal movements in comparison to patients who receive only lidocaine. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of pretreatment of combination of ketorolac and Lidocaine and Lidocaine alone in the frequency of withdrawal movement associated with rocuronium injection in peripheral veins during intubation

Methodology: This study was conducted on 90 patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia in operation theater complex of our hospital. Patients were randomly divided in group A and B by lottery method. Group A received 20 mg lidocaine IV prior to rocuronium. Group B received lidocaine 20 mg and ketorolac 10 mg IV. General anesthesia was administered by induction via 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium in a separate peripheral intravenous line. Withdrawal movements were observed as mild, moderate and severe, and recorded on a well-structured performa. Efficacy was defined as no withdrawal movement on injecting rocuronium

Results: The differences in age and gender of patients were not significant in both groups and these were not associated with efficacy of treatment in the groups. However ASA status of the patients was significantly associated with efficacy of treatment groups. In Group-A 27[60%] and in Group-B 36[80%] patients had no withdrawal movement while mild movement was observed in 12[26.7%] patients in Group-A, and in 7[15.6%] patients in Group-B. Moderate movement was seen in 6[13.3%] patients in Group-A, and in 2[4.4%] patients in Group-B. The number of patients who had withdrawal movement was 18[40%] vs. 9[20%] in Group-A and Group-B respectively [p = 0.0384]. The criterion of efficacy was fulfilled by 27[60%] Group-A patients, compared to 36[80%] patients in Group-B

Conclusion: Results of this study showed that combination of intravenous lidocaine and ketorolac prior to rocuronium injection is more effective that lidocaine alone for preventing withdrawal movements for general anesthesia

Growth patterns of monosodium urate monohydrate (gouty and urinary) crystals in gel: An in vitro study

Monosodium urate monohydrate crystals are deposited in peripheral joints causing gout and elicit an intense localized inflammatory attack whereas in collecting ducts and medullary interstitium as a urinary calculi which causes dysuria, nausea and hematuria. The purpose of present study is to observe possible growth patterns of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals. The crystals were grown in test tubes by single diffusion gel technique and were observed at 7[th], 14[th], 21[st], 28[th] and 40[th] day. Needle and spherulite type crystals were observed at 14[th] day, while arboresque, crystal sheaves, densely branched, dumbbell, mushroom type spherulites, plumose and hexagonal prismatic crystals were observed for the first time. After 40[th] day complete spherulites were observed with their aggregates. The crystals were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray and Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopies. The pattern of MSUM will be helpful to determine the role of different natural products in the modulation, inhibition or promotion of these crystals by affecting the shape, size, transparency, approximate number and total mass of growing crystals. In case of inhibition or modulation it will be helpful for evaluation the prophylactic management whereas the promotion of the crystal will give an idea about the risk factors of gout and kidney stones

Natural antiemetics: An overview

Emesis encompasses the forceful expulsion of the contents of stomach via the mouth or sometimes the nose

The adverse effects of currently available anti-emetic agents potentiate the natural product researchers to explore the natural anti-emetics with fewer side effects

The presented communication constitutes a review on anti-emetic effect of two hundred and forty five plants belonging to seventy-eight families found in different parts of the world

It also outlined the anti-emetic effect of plant extracts and isolated secondary metabolites studied through a variety of animal models of emesis

The reported anti-emetic plants in different countries and cultures and the scientific studies on extracts may help in the identification of promising single chemical compound[s] that may be used as a potential leads for developing safe anti-emetic agents in future. Moreover the reported secondary metabolites having the same effect may open the door for the search of same secondary metabolites from other natural sources

This review will provide useful information for the discovery of natural anti-emetic compounds and fill the gaps in knowledge

Histopathological spectrum of gastric biopsies in a tertiary care hospital

This study was carried out to determine the histopathological spectrum of gastric lesions at a tertiary care hospital. A retrospective study. This study was conducted at Dr. Tahir Laboratory from Gastroenterology unit of Hamdard University Hospital Karachi from July 2009 to August 2012. The gastric mucosal biopsies of 280 patients received at Dr. Tahir Laboratory from Gastroenterology unit of Hamdard University Hospital Karachi. A slight higher frequency of gastric disease seen in females with age range of 17 years to 78 years was observed. The clinical presentations mostly seen were abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite and weight loss. The histopathology revealed chronic active gastritis [H Pylori positive and negative] followed by malignant gastric ulcer. A number of biopsies were unremarkable histologically. The more prevalent lesions in this series were chronic active gastritis. H. pylori associated gastritis was seen in majority of the patients. Thus gastric biopsy is an essential tool for diagnosis and confirmation of clinically suspected cases

Frequency of transitional cell carcinoma in local suburban population of Karachi

To determine the clinicopathological characteristics and frequency of different pathological lesions, particularly Transitional Cell Carcinoma in urinary bladder biopsies, this study was conducted in histopathology section of tertiary care hospitals [Jinnah and Civil hospital] filtering the suburban population of Karachi during August 2001 to July 2005. All patients who visited the Urology. Out Patient Department and presented with haematuria, dysuria etc. were included. Cystoscopy and bladder biopsies were performed. The biopsies were preserved in 10% formalin. Gross examination was done and embedded in paraffin. Light microscopy technique was used for diagnosis. Out of 43 patients, 31 [72.09%] were males and 12 [27.90%] were females. The spectrum of pathological lesions included inflammations, dysplasia and tumours. Transitional cell carcinoma was the most common tumour seen in this study; [93.33%] cases. The peak age of incidence was between 41-68 years

Outcome of strangulated inguinal hernia

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