ABSTRACT
Objective: to evaluate the variations in HCV glycoprotein E1 gene and to map epitopes in the variable E 1 regions informing the development of an effective vaccine against HCV
Methods: to isolate the E1 gene, RNA extraction was done by using the kit method and then it was converted to the cDNA. Confirmation of HCV presence in the collected samples was done through highly conserved core primers. This was then followed by PCR amplification for E1 gene. The sequenced E 1 genes were translated in silica into protein sequences
Results: a these proteins sequences were then analyzed for the presence of B-cell and T-cell epitopes; two B-cell epitopes [CSLYPGHLSGHRMAWD, TASIRSHVDLLVGMT] and one T-cell epitope [QAFTFRPRR] were found useful. These could be helpful in the formation of a proper vaccine against HCV
Conclusion: we found 2 B-cell epitopes and 1 T-cell epitope conserved in 3a genotype that may help in vaccine development
ABSTRACT
The adrenals are closely applied to the upper pole of each kidney. In mammals, the adrenal gland contains two functionally different types of endocrine tissues i.e. cortex and medulla, which have distinctly different embryological origin
Objective: to observe the age related changes in the rat adrenal gland of the albino rat during postnatal period
Setting: ablino rats used were obtained from Animal House of BMSI, JPMC, Karachi. Thirty litter mates of 2,4,6,8 and 10 days of age [postnatal] were used by dividing into five groups. Right adrenal were dissected free, fixed and then stained with 1% toluidine blue solution to study under light Microscope
Results and conclusion: the adrenals which were developed at birth, now organized more on 10th day of postnatal life. In all the cortical zones, predominance of dark cells over light cells was observed. The intracellular lipid content increased significantly during 1st week of postnatal life