Association of dental anomalies with different malocclusions in patients visiting Liaquat college of medicine and dentistry

The purpose of present study was to determine association of dental anomalies observed in various dental malocclusion patients visiting for Orthodontic treatment. Total of 600 patients [169 male, 431 female] having mean age 17.25+/-5.55 years were evaluated. This study showed that 61.2% of patients [n = 600] presented with at least one dental anomaly. Ectopic eruption was the most commonly found [46.8%], followed by Agenesis [missing tooth or teeth] 9.0%, canine impaction 4.0% and supernumerary teeth 1.3%. The frequency of theses dental anomalies were found higher in female than in males. Ectopic eruption [56% within malocclusions] was more frequent in patients with Class II div 1 malocclusion. No supernumerary tooth was found in Class II division 2 malocclusion rather more prevalent in class III malocclusion [2.5%]. Impaction was associated with Class II div 2 malocclusion [11.1%], at a higher prevalence than other types of malocclusions. Agenesis was associated with Class II div 2 malocclusion and class III malocclusion [14.8]. The correlations between dental anomalies and different types of malocclusion were found statistically significant. Within limitation of this study, Dental anomalies recorded frequently higher in females than male subjects, the reason may be the female patients being more esthetically conscious, visiting orthodontic treatment in Pakistan

impact of removable partial dentures on abutment teeth

The aim of this study was to investigate periodontal health status of teeth in contact with removable prosthesis.In this study a total of 500 patients were examined from June 2016 to June 2017. Out of those 500 patients 200 patients were identified who were treated with removable partial denture and were having 0 score for gingival, plaque and calculus index. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were recalled after 6 months to measure periodontal and gingival status of abutment teeth. Results show that removable partial dentures significantly affect health of abutment teeth. An increase in plaque gingival and calculus index is seen in abutment teeth along with the teeth being more prone to inflammation.Patients undergoing removable partial denture treatment must follow strict oral hygiene protocols, regular recall and follow up schedule for optimal treatment outcome

Evaluation of skeletal variations and establishment of Cephalometric Norms in Saudi Sub Population using Bjork Jarabak's analysis

Objective: To evaluate the skeletal variations amongst individuals and to compare the measurements with the standardized linear and angular values of Bjork Jarabak's analysis

Methods: This study was conducted at POS Department, King Khalid University on 100 adult Saudi patients recruited through convenience sampling. It was conducted between April to September 2017, had inclusion criteria of patients between the age group 17 to 22 years showing normal occlusion. After history and examinations, lateral cephalographs were taken, scanned and traced using Dolphin Imaging Software and Cephalometric points were recognized. Linear and angular dimensions were calculated according to Bjork-Jarabak's method

Results: Analysis and assessment of Saudi male and female values revealed considerable variation in the anterior and posterior cranial base lengths [p<0.05], anterior and posterior face height, ramus height, and mandibular length. Male measurements in contrast to Jarabak's values showed noteworthy variances in articular angle, anterior and posterior cranial base, ramus height, length of mandible, anterior face height and Jarabak's ratio. Female dimensions in relation to Jarabak's norms showed considerable variances in articular angle, anterior cranial base, posterior facial height with less significant values in Saudi females while compared with Jarabak's norms apart from mandibular body length which is more in Saudi females

Conclusion: Skeletal variations amongst Saudi males and females were significant and comparison with standardized linear and angular values of Bjork Jarabak's analysis was also significant

Post operative wound infection in uncomplicated Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with and without a drain

Objective: To compare the frequency of wound infection with and without subhepatic drain in patient's undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial

Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at department of Surgery, Combined Military Hospital [CMH] Lahore, from Nov 2014 to Apr 2015 over a period of six months

Material and Methods: This study included a total of 140 patients [70 in each group]. In group A, a drain was placed in subhepatic space after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and no drain was placed in group Bafter laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Results: In our study, out of 140 patients [70 in each group], patients in the age range of 20-50 years were 61.43 Percent [n=43] in group-A and 57.14 Percent [n=40] in group-B while those in the age range of 51-70 years were 38.57 Percent [n=27] in group-A and 42.86 Percent [n=30] in group-B. Mean +/- SD was found to be 46.34 +/- 7.54 and 46.23 +/- 10.34 years respectively. About 28.57 Percent [n=20] in group-A and 22.86 Percent [n=16] in group-B were male while 71.43 Percent [n=50] in group-A and 77.14 Percent [n=54] in group-B were females. Wound infection was compared in both groups which showed that 18.57 Percent [n=13] in group-A and 7.14 Percent [n=5] in group-B had wound infection. A p-value was calculated as 0.04 which was significant

Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of wound infection with subhepatic drain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy was found significantly higher when it was compared to cases without drain

Association of [hypovitaminosis v] with persistent non-specific musculoskeletal pains

Objective: The study was conducted in Pakistani population to find association of vitamin D deficiency with persistent non-specific musculoskeletal pains by comparing with pain free controls

Study Design: Case control study

Material and Methods: Patients aged 12 years or more presenting to Medical OPD with persistent nonspecific musculoskeletal pains for more than 3 months were selected as cases, while healthy individuals served as controls

Results: A total of 60 cases [patients with persistent non-specific pains] presenting to medical outpatients department at Military Hospital Rawalpindi and 60 controls were studied. Mean age of cases was 43.9 +/- 14.0 years and amongst controls were 33.2 +/- 17.8 years. Mean serum vitamin D level of 32.8 nmol/L was reported in cases whereas mean serum vitamin D level amongst controls was 26.7 +/- 17.8 nmol/L. Hypovitaminosis D amongst cases and controls was 86.6% and 95% respectively. The proportion of vitamin D deficiency did not differ significantly as compared to controls. There was non-significant difference in proportion of deficiency amongst cases and controls

Conclusion: Overall there was no association between persistent non-specific musculoskeletal pains and vitamin D deficiency

Bacterial communities in soil samples from the mingyong glacier of southwestern China

The present study was an effort to determine the bacterial diversity of soils in Mingyong Glacier located at the Meili Snow Mountains of southwestern China. Mingyong Glacier has different climatic zones within a very narrow area, and bacterial community diversity in this low temperature area remains largely unknown. In this study, soil samples were collected from four different climatic zones: M11A [dry warm valley], M14 [forest], M15 [grass land], and M16 [glacier zones]. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene V6 hypervariable region showed high bacterial abundance in the glacier. The number of Operational Taxonomic Units ranged from 2.24×10[3] to 5.56×10[3] in soil samples. Statistical analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries results showed that bacterial diversity in zones M11A, M14 and M16 are higher than in zone M15. The bacterial community structures are clearly distinguishable, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the predominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Nitrospirae in Mingyong Glacier. Seventy-nine different orders from four zones have been isolated. Bacterial diversity and distribution of bacterial communities related to the anthropogenic perturbations in zone [M15] were confirmed by diversity index analysis, and the diversity index of other three zones was satisfactory through this analysis software. The results suggest that bacterial diversity and distribution analyses using bacterial 16S rRNA gene V6 hypervariable region were successful, and bacterial communities in this area not only had the same bacterial phyla compared to other glaciers but also had their own rare species

Association of obesity with rapid virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Objective: To determine the association of obesity with rapid virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C on antiviral therapy

Methodology: In this prospective cohort study patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C who required treatment were included after getting ethical approval and informed consent. Patient's weight and height was measured and body mass index [BMI] was calculated. Patients were divided into 2 groups; group 1 having BMI <30 and group 2 having BMI >30 in equal numbers. All the patients were put on weekly pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in fixed divided doses. PCR was done at the completion of 4 week to check for rapid virological response [RVR]. After completion of study these 2 groups were compared to see whether any significant association exists between BMI and RVR. RVR was also stratified among age, viral load and gender to see their effect as these are potential effect modifiers

Results: There were 140 [56.3 %] male and 110 [43.7%] female patients with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Mean age of the patients was 39.78 +/-9.85, while mean BMI was 27.40 +/-5.86. Overall the RVR was achieved in 53.2% of the patients. Frequency of RVR was 77[61.6 %] in non-obese patients as compared to 56[44.8%] in obese patients with a p value of 0.008

Conclusion: Obesity is significantly associated with poor RVR in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Knowledge and behaviour regarding osteoporosis in women

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding osteoporosis in women belonging to different educational status

Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: Dist. Hattian Bala of Azad Jammu and Kashmir [AJK] from Oct 2015 to Dec 2015

Material and Methods: A total of 410 women between 12-45 years of age were included in the study and grouped according to educational qualification. Women who were health-care workers, already diagnosed with the disease or those who had never heard of the disease were not included in the study. A self-made, pre-validated questionnaire including demographic data and 24 items assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice [KAP] regarding osteoporosis was administered after obtaining verbal informed consent. The scores ranged from 0-15 in knowledge section, 0-4 in attitude section and 0-8 in practice section. The results in each section of KAP were cross tabulated with educational status of the respondents

Results: Books and teachers [34.60%] were the main source of information followed by television/ radio [22.40%]. The mean score for knowledge section was 5.12 +/- 1.11, for attitude section 1.65 +/- 0.64, and for practice 3.79 +/- 2.61. All the three dimensions had significantly better results in women with higher educational status [graduate or more]

Conclusion: Women with higher education demonstrated better knowledge, positive attitude and healthier practice than those with lower education

Ocular complications of silicone oil

Objective: silicone oil [SO] is an invaluable tool in the management of complex retinal detachments [RDs]. Injection of silicone oil is associated with a variety of ocular complications specially when it is kept for a long time and its removal is endangering retinal re-detachment. The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of different ocular complications associated with silicone oil injection in our setup

Study Design: case series

Place and Duration of Study: this study was conducted at Vitreo-retina division of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi from January 2014 to June 2014

Material and Methods: a total of 30 patients were included in the study who underwent pars-planavitrectomy [PPV] with silicone oil injection for complex retinal detachments. The patients who had reached between 3 months and 6 months of their postoperative period and were presenting with some complications related to silicone oil injection were included in the study. Their records were reviewed and pre-operative data were collected regarding state of the eye preoperatively. Then the post-operative complications were noted. The descriptive and analytical statistics of different variables were measured using SPSS-17.0 software

Results: out of thirty patients included in our study 23 [76.7%] were male and 7 [23.3%] were female. The mean age was 21.53 +/- 16.004 years and range was 66 years. The mean pre-operative intra-ocular pressure [IOP] was 14.0 +/- 2.150 mmHg and range 8 mmHg and the mean post-operative IOP was 24.93 +/- 13.889 mmHg and range 45 mmHg [p=0.001. The pre-operative PVR grade-C was absent in 12 [40%] patients and was present in 18 [60%] patients and post-operative PVR grade-C was absent in 24 [80%] patients and was present in 6 [20%] patients [p=0.004; McNemar test]. Band keratopathy was seen in 8 [26.7%] and corneal decompensation in 2 [6.7%] patients. Emulsification of silicone oil was seen in 14 [46.7%] patients. Rubeosisiridis was present in 2 [6.7%] patients

Conclusion: apart from other complications, raised intraocular pressure is a significant postoperative complication of eyes with silicone oil injection, so should be kept in mind because if not addressed properly it may lead to irreversible blindness in these cases

Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on spermatogenesis in adult albino mice

To Observe the histological and morphological effects of acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] on Spermatogenesis in male albino mice. Laboratory based randomized controlled trial. Department of Anatomy University of Health Sciences, Lahore from Apr, 2012 to Dec, 2012. Thirty nine male albino mice, 6-8 weeks old weighing 30 +/- 5 gm, were used; these were randomly divided into three groups having thirteen mice in each using random numbers table. Group A served as a control and was given distilled water orally via oral gavage 10 ml per kg for 30 days. Group B was given acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg/kg dissolved in 10 ml distilled orally for a period of 30 days. Group C was given acetylsalicylic acid 25 mg/kg dissolved in 2.5 ml distilled orally for a period of 30 days. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose and the testes were removed, fixed in Bouin's fixative for 48 hours. Five microns thick sections of processed tissue were stained with H and E and PAS for calculation of Johnsen score and diameter of seminiferous tubules. Serum testosterone level was measured by testosterone enzyme immunoassay test kits. Microscopic examination demonstrated that ASA treatment lead to statistically significant increase in the mean Johnsen score and mean diameter of seminiferous tubules. It was concluded from the current study that ASA treatment enhances spermatogenesis

Association between baseline parameters and end of treatment response to combination of conventional interferon and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C

To study the association between baseline parameters and end of treatment response [ETR] to conventional interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. This retrospective analytical study was conducted in Gastroenterology department of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2012 to June 2012. A total of 222 patients with chronic hepatitis C, on combination of conventional interferon and ribavirin therapy were included in the study who reported with ETR. Various baseline parameters included sex [male vs. female], age [< 40years vs. >40years], weight [<70kg vs. >70kg], viral load [<800000IU/ml vs. >800000IU/ml] and ALT quotient [<3 vs. >3]. These variables were compared with ETR to see for any significant association. Two hundred and twenty two patients were included in the study out of which 94[42.3%] were male and 128[57.7%] were females. 121[54.5%] of the patient achieved ETR while 101[45.5%] failed to achieve ETR. Among various variables tested weight <70kg [59% vs. 43%] and ALT Quotient >3 [70% vs.50%] were significantly associated with ETR with a p value of 0.01 and p value of 0.013 respectively while there was no statistically significant association between other parameters and ETR. High baseline ALT and baseline low body weight are significantly associated with better ETR. Among these weight is a modifiable factor and obese patients should be advised to lose weight before embarking them on anti viral therapy in order to improve their chances of viral clearance

Changes in macular thickness and visual acuity after intravitreal bevacizumab injfection in patients with retinal vein occlusion

To evaluate the effect of singel Intravitreal Bevacizumab [Avastin] injection on visual acuity [VA] and central retinal thickness [CRT] in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion [BRVO] or central retinal vein occlusion [CRVO]. Prospective, non-randomized, interventional case series. This study was conducted at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi from March 2012 to February 2013. Twenty three patients with macular edema attributable to vein occlusion received intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab 1.25 mg. Nine patients had central retinal vein occlusion [CRVO] and 14 patients had branch retinal vein occlusion [BRVO]. Complete ophthalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] and optical coherence tomography [OCT] was done at base line and follow up visits. At base line mean visual acuity was Log MAR 0.73 and showed improvement to mean Log MAR 0.39 at 12 weeks after intravitreal Bevacizumab [IVB] injection. Mean CRT was 527 micro m at baseline that decreased to 274 micro m after 12 weeks of IVB treatment. Intravitreal Bevacizumab appears to result in significant short term improvement of VA and macular edema secondary to vein occlusion

Effect of Grewia asiatica fruit on Glycemic index and phagocytosis tested in healthy human subjects

The Grewia asiatica [commonly known as Phalsa or Fasla] is a shrub or small tree found in southern Asia. It produces purple to black color fruit when ripe. In folk medicine the edible Grewia asiatica fruit is used in a number of pathological conditions. The current study described the effects of Grewia asiatica fruit on glycemic index [GI] and phagocytosis in healthy non-diabetic human subjects. The results showed that Grewia asiatica fruit has low GI value of 5.34 with modest hypoglycemic activity. Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay was carried out to determine the production of reactive oxygen species [ROS] in the oxidative burst activity of whole blood. ROS production was found to be significantly affected, having the 78.3, 58.6 and 30.8% when the subjects were fed with D-glucose, mixture of D-glucose and Grewia asiatica fruit and Grewia asiatica fruit alone respectively as compared to the control. The aqueous, methanolic and butanolic extracts of Grewia asiatica fruits were found to produce a stimulatory effect on ROS production however; the chloroform, hexane and ethanol-acetate extracted exerted significant inhibitory effect. These results demonstrated that Grewia asiatica fruit has desirable effects on blood glucose metabolism manifested as low glycemic response and modulation of ROS production

Identification of sulfamoylbenzamide derivatives as selective cathepsin D inhibitors

Aspartic proteases play very important role in post translational processing of proteins and several of them are essential for organism's viability. Here we present the enzyme inhibition activities of different Sulfamoylbenzamide derivatives against two aspartic proteases cathepsin D and plasmepsin II. Cathepsin D is an aspartic protease that degrades proteins at acidic pH in the lysosomes, or extracellular matrix. It is overexpressed by epithelial breast cancer cells and hence hyper-secreted. On the other hand plasmepsin II is an essential enzyme of Plasmodium falciperum. Cathepsin D and Plasmepsin II are pivotal drug targets for treatment of breast cancer and malaria respectively. Virtual screening of Sulfamoylbenzamide compounds followed by enzyme inhibition assays revealed these compounds as selective Cathepsin D inhibitors while inactive against Plasmepsin-II. IC[50] values of five Sulfamoylbenzamide compounds tested are in range of 1.25-2.0 microM. N-[3-chlorophenyl]-2-sulfamoylbenzamide is identified as the most potent of all tested Sulfamoylbenzamide compounds with IC[50] 1.25 microM. It was also noted that the docking score of theses compounds was better in case of Cathepsin D as compared to Plasmepsin-II. Docking score ranges from -29.9 +/- 1.16 to -35.1 +/- 0.13 in case of Cathepsin D, while from -24.0 +/- 0.10 to -29.5 +/- 0.10 in case of Plasmepsin-II

Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis: a review of literature

Tooth agenesis is defined as congenital absence of one or more teeth in primary or permanent dentition and is a common oral variation that affects a large population group. Among the missing one's, maxillary lateral incisor is more frequent causing esthetic and functional impairments in the affected individual. It might be associated with systemic problems, syndromic conditions or other oral anomalies. Management of missing lateral incisors involves a multi-disciplinary approach for rehabilitation of impaired esthetics and function. The current literature review is offered to highlight the important characteristics of this anomaly for better management of such patients. Several electronic databases were searched. Hand searching was done to short list the relevant articles. A total of 63 studies were retrieved out of which 48 most relevant studies were selected for the review. Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is a common dental anomaly and has been reported to affect a wide group of populations. It can be unilateral or bilateral and females are more prone to be affected than the males. Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors is a common oral variation of either genetic or environmental origin. A comprehensive evaluation of the anomaly would be helpful to develop significant clinical management of the affected patients

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of renal stones larger than 2.5 CM

To share our experience regarding the safety and efficacy of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for the treatment of renal stones of larger than 2.5 cm and to study the frequency of any postoperative complications associated with this procedure. This is a descriptive study conducted during the period from June 2007 to December 2009. Using non-probability convenient sampling, total 88 patients with renal stones of more than 2.5 cm were selected for PCNL. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 10 for windows XP. In a cohort of 88 patients [57 male and, 31 female] PCNL was performed for renal stone treatment. The mean age was 33.5 [9 - 65] years. The mean operative time was 85 [60 - 180] minutes and the mean stone size was 3.2 cm range [2.5-4.8] cm. There were 37 staghorn and 51 non staghorn stone. PCNL via a single access tract was accomplished in 86% [76/88] of procedures, with upper pole calyx in 30, middle calyx in 27 and lower pole calyx in 19 procedures, while multiple tracts were used in 14% of procedures [12/88] with 09 procedures using the upper and middle calyxes and 05 procedures using lower and middle calyxes. The stone-free rates for staghorn stone at discharge and at 3 months were 83.7% and 90.8% respectively, while for non staghorn stone the figures were 85.8% and 92.5% respectively. Postoperative complications were observed in 9% of the procedures [8/88], the commonest of which was bleeding necessitating blood transfusion in 4 patients. PCNL is safe and Effective treatment for renal calculi associated with less morbidity, shorter hospital stay and is cost effective

Safety and efficacy of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy

To determine the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy [PL] for the clearance of ureteral calculi [UC]. Experimental study. Department of Urology, KRL Hospital, Islamabad, from March 2006 till December 2008. Ureteroscopic PL was performed on 104 patients with ureteric calculus measuring >/= 6 mm; using Swiss Lithoclast through a 9.5 French semi-rigid ureteroscope. At the end of the procedure, a DJ stent was inserted. Complications were noted. Stone clearance was assessed through X-ray KUB. DJ stent was removed within 3 - 6 weeks after the procedure. Sixty-eight patients [65.4%] were males and 36 [34.6%] females. The average hospital stay was 2.6 +/- 2.8 days; 72 [69.6%] patients were discharged on the first post-procedure day. Complete stone clearance was achieved in 98 [94.2%] patients, at 3-6 weeks. Four patients [26.7% of upper ureteral stones] had stone retropulsion. The only major complication was perforation occurring in 2 [1.9%] distal ureters. One case was successfully managed by endoscopic DJ stent placement, the other required open repair. Ureteroscopic PL is effective in clearing majority of middle and distal UC. Patients with proximal stones may have stone retropulsion. Ureteric perforation is an uncommon complication

Evaluation of age, gender and parental factors affecting child behavior in the dental surgery

The aim of this study was to know the effect of gender, age, parental education [literacy] and parental socioeconomic status on child behavior in dental surgery. One hundred and twenty six children who reported to Department of Paedodontics Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar for various dental problems were included in this study. A specially designed proforma was used to collect information from parents anage, gender, parental education [literacy], socioeconomic status. Frankl behavior rating scale was used to record child behavior in dental surgery. The data was then subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 16. Majority of the children [44.4%] belonged to low socio economic group followed by middle [29.4%] and high [26.2%] socio-economic groups. The parents of 55 children [43.7%] had college/university education followed by 39 parents [31%] having up to high school education. Third two parents [25.4%] were uneducated According to Frank/behavior rating scale, majority of the children [34.1%] showed definitely positive behavior followed by positive behavior [31.7%] and negative behavior [25.4%]. Only a few children [807%] exhibited definitely negative behavior. The effect of all the study variables on child behavior was not significant except age [p=0.033]. However, there were trends showing more children from higher socioeconomic group and those belonging to paretits with college/ university education behaving positively. Parental literacy Socio-economic status and Gender of the child did not affect child behavior significantly. The age of the child was significantly related to the behavior of the child. Therefore more negative behavior should be expected from younger children. Each and every child should be assessed and managed individually and no generalizations should be made

Results of non anatomical fixation of unstable pertrochanteric fracture femur

To evaluate the results of union in unstable pertrochanteric fracture of femur in nonanatomical reduction and fixation. A descriptive study conducted at Department of Orthopaedic surgery Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. In the present study, we had 30 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures of either sex. Patients were treated by nonanatomic reduction, either by Dimon Houghsten or Sarmiento osteotomy depending upon fracture geometry, and fixed by dynamic hip screw. Out of thirty patients, 21[70%] were male and 9 [30%] were female. The average age of male patients was 74.9 years and that of female was 61.2 years. We included patients with Jensen's type IV fractures having osteoporotic grade of four to six according to Singh's index. Patients were followed up for minimum period of 20 weeks and evaluated for radiological union and functional outcome using Sikorski and Barrington's pain and mobility scale. Out of thirty patients, only 25 completed the follow up. Four patients had limb length discrepancy. 88% of the patients had excellent to good functional outcome. Anatomical reduction must be tried in all cases. However, to avoid the complications of implant failure and loss of reduction with varus union in unstable fractures, non anatomical reduction should be considered

Raised intraocular pressure; frequency after Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy

To measure the rise in intraocular pressure after neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet [Nd:YAG] Laser capsulotomy in pseudophakic patients aged 50 years and above. Prospective study. Study was done from May 2005 to Dec 2005. [Eight months duration] Eye department Military Hospital Rawalpindi. A total of 100 patients, presenting in Eye department, Military Hospital Rawalpindi, fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. With a minimum number of bursts of 3.6 mj / shot energy level with Nd: YAG laser, a 3 to 4 mm hole in the posterior capsule was created. The intraocular pressure was measured 1 hour, 3 hours, 1 day and 1 week after the laser. The rise in intraocular pressure was noticed in 6 [6%] patients after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Five out of six patients had fibrous type of posterior capsular opacification while one patient had Elschnig's pearl. Male to female Ratio was 7:3. Our findings suggest that the rise in intraocular pressure is an infrequent complication of Nd:YAG Laser capsulotomy