ABSTRACT
Objectives: To find out the association between Thrombomodulin gene polymorphism [C1418T] with coronary artery disease in population of Karachi, Pakistan
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Tabba Heart Institute in collaboration with the National Institute of Blood Diseases, Karachi. We compared C/T dimorphism in 92 cases with 90 control subjects by allele-specific amplification. The results of PCR were confirmed by Gene sequencing. All the laboratory methods were strictly in compliance with the international standards. All variables that were either statistically significant in the univariate analyses or potentially important with respect to prevention or biologically relevant variables were included in logistic-regression analyses. Potential confounding was assessed with the use of multivariate models adjusted for participant's characteristics and other major risk factors for coronary artery disease. All reported p values are two-tailed, with statistical significance at p value <0.05
Results: The frequency of CC, C/T and TT genotype was 81 [90%], 6 [6.7%] 3 [3.3%] in controls and 67 [72.8%], 20 [21.7%] and 5 [5.4%] in cases respectively. In cases group the CT/TT genotypes were found to be significantly highly represented among the patients with coronary artery diseases when compared with control group [p-value 0.009]
Conclusion: TM C1418T polymorphism emerges as a risk marker in Coronary Artery Disease patients in the population of Karachi, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the decrease in mean duration of diarrhea and normalization of stool consistency by smectite in children with acute gastroenteritis
Methods: A total of 300 patient children aged 1-12 years old fulfilling inclusion criteria were sorted in two groups; 150 cases in each group. Four parameters were considered, i] Age distribution, ii] Gender distribution, iii] Duration of normalization of stool consistency and iv] Duration of diarrhea
Results: Age distribution was 56% [n=84] in Group-1 and 51. 33% [n=77] in Group-2 were between 0.5-6 years of age while 44% [n=66] in Group-1 and 48.67% [n=73] were between 7-12 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 6.04+3.49 and 6.48+3.66 years respectively, Gender distribution was 60.67% [n=91] in Group=1 and 62.67% [n=94] in Group 2 were male while 39.33% [n=59] in Group-1 and 37.33% [n=56] in Group-2 were females. Duration of normalization of stools consistency was 44.24+2.63 hours in Group-1 and 71.56+2.48 hours in Group-2 was recorded, p value was calculated as 0.0001 which shows a significant difference between the two groups. Duration of diarrhea was recorded as60.58+3.70 hours in Group-1 and 88.76+4.02 hours in Group-2, p value was calculated as 0.0001 which shows a significant difference between the two groups
Conclusion: We concluded that administration of diosmectite in children with acute gastroenteritis shows a significant efficacy as compared to placebo with regards to mean duration of diarrhea and normalization of consistency of stools