ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine if serum bilirubin, when combined with various risk factors like lipid and lipoprotein predicts ischemic heart disease [IHD]
Material and Methods: hundred patients with IHD were included in the study from in and out patient departments of Medicine. 25 normal subjects were studied as controls. The traditional risk factors like cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], cholesterol/HDL-C ratios, triglycerides as well as serum bilirubin, albumin and creatinine were determined by standard methods. Besides, age, cigarette smoking, and systolic blood pressure were also recorded
Results: it was observed that the bilirubin is negatively correlated with hemoglobin, albumin, HDL and LDL-cholesterol. On the other hand a direct correlation with total lipid, cholesterol and ratio of cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol is also observed. High level of serum creatinine level was also found in the patients as compared to normal subjects
Conclusion: no definite relationship between serum bilirubin and I HD was observed
ABSTRACT
Background: In our society due to some social and cultural beliefs many mothers deprive their infants from the benefits of breast feeding. The infants are fed cow milk/buffalo milk purchased from the market. The infant formula milk is very costly and it is not possible for an average family to afford formula milk for an infant. The milk of cows and buffalos is having three times more proteins and 3-4 times more minerals as compared to the human milk. By feeding the milk of cow or buffalo/infant formula, the infant is being loaded with more proteins and minerals, which can lead to high PRSL and high concentration of serum minerals
Study Design: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study which has been conducted on infants up to the age of6 months being fed either mothers' milk, infant formula or cow/buffalo milk. Sample Size: A total sample of one hundred and fifty infants up to the age of 6 months was selected. The sample was divided into three groups of fifty infants in each group. Group-I: Infants on Formula Milk. Group II: Infants on Mother Milk. Group III: Infants on Cow/Buffalo Milk
Place of Study: The study was conducted in outpatient department of the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore after due permission from concerned authorities
Results: The serum levels of BUN, urea, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, chloride and PRSL were all significantly low in breast-fed infants as compared to the infants on bottle feeding taking infant formula or cow/buffalo milk
Conclusion: The present study has clearly highlighted that "Mother's Milk is the best milk". By feeding the milk of cow or buffalo/infant formula, the infant is loaded with more proteins and minerals, which can lead to high PRSL and high concentration of serum minerals. The effects of these components may not be visible immediately but may have consequences in later life
ABSTRACT
Chromium is an essential trace element which is required for carbohydrate metabolism as it potentiates the action of insulin. A low dietary chromium level has been associated with disorders like impaired glucose tolerance, glycosuria, diabetes mellitus, fasting hypoglycemia, elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Chromium deficiency should be considered in all clinical situations where unexplained insulin resistance develops in patients. Chromium deficiency should also be considered as one of the several nutritional factors that influence three recognized risk factors for public health problems of cardiovascular disease, i.e. impaired glucose tolerance, elevated circulating insulin levels and elevated serum cholesterol. In addition, inadequate maternal chromium intake is known to cause premature birth and intrauterine growth retardation and in males it has been linked with infertility
ABSTRACT
Aims and Objectives: To determine serum chromium levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type- II and compare it with normal healthy population
Study Design: Cross sectional and comparative
Sample Size: Fifty diagnosed diabetic type II patients compared with fifty non diabetic healthy controls
Place of Study: Study was conducted at Diabetes Management Centre, Services Hospital Lahore and Diabetic Clinic, Mayo Hospital Lahore over a period of three months i.e. from April to June, 2007
Methodology: Serum glucose level was estimated by enzymatic photometric method. HbA1C was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer
Results: The fasting Glucose levels and the serum glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in type- II diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls, while serum chromium levels were significantly lower in type-II diabetic patients as compared to normal healthy controls
Conclusion: The serum chromium levels were statistically low in type-II diabetic patients
ABSTRACT
To determine the morbidity and mortality patternin breast fed and non breast fed infants. Prospective hospital based, case study. Department of Paediatrics, Allied Hospital Faisalabad. 6 months [Feb - Jul 1997] 200 cases were studied [110 males, 90 females]. 84% of infants were home deliveries, 96.5% were full term for gestational age. Prelacteal feeds were given to 98% of infants, breast milk is offered only to 2% of infant.60% had first degree malnutrition, 15% had second degree and 17.5% had third degree malnutrition. 52.5% of infants had gastro intestinal upsets as chief complaint, 18% had respiratory and 12% had septicaemia. The breast fed infants [64] had 98 episode of illness as compared to bottle fed intfants[70] who had 323 episode while mixed feeding numbers 66 had 190 episodes of illness. Most of the deaths [9 out of 14] were below the age of three month, only one breastfed infant died whereas 9 infants who died were bottle fed and 4 were mix feeding. Sepsis was the most common cause of death [8 out of 14]. None of these was breastfed infant. Education of the mothers, discouraging the prelacteal feeds at birth and promotion of the breast feeding through media should be encouraged