ABSTRACT
Abstract In the present study, anthelmintic activities of Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) catechu L., and Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. were determined. Leaves of A. donax L., latex of F. assa-foetida L. and seeds of Ar. catechu L. in different solvent fractions were subjected to in vitro (egg hatch assay; EHA, and adult motility assay; AMA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) tests of anthelmintic activity using Haemonchus contortus model. In the AMA, crude aqueous methanol extracts (CAME) and ethyl acetate fractions of F. assa-foetida at 10 hr post-treatment showed maximum mortality of H. contortus at 12.5-50 mg mL-1. In the EHA, CAME of F. assa-foetida was identified as a potent ovicide based on its low LC50 (16.9 µg mL-1), followed in order by Ar. catechu and A. donax. Results from the FECRT also showed the extract of F. assa-foetida L. to be more effective than those of Ar. catechu L. and A. donax L., against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed better anthelmintic activities against the adult worms in vitro, while CAME of these plants were better than their crude powders in vivo. It is recommended to document and investigate indigenous knowledge of possible medicinal plants to plan scientific trials that may justify their endorsement.
Resumo No presente estudo, as atividades anti-helmínticas de Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) Catechu L. e Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. foram determinadas. Folhas de A. donax L., látex de F. assa-foetida L. e sementes de Ar. catechu L. em diferentes frações de solvente foram submetidos a testes in vitro (teste de eclosão de ovos, EHA e ensaio de motilidade em adultos, AMA); e in vivo (teste de redução da contagem de ovos fecais, FECRT) de atividade anti-helmíntica, usando-se Haemonchus contortus. Na AMA, extratos aquosos brutos de metanol (CAME) e frações de acetato de etila de F. assa-foetida. Dez horas pós-tratamento, apresentaram mortalidade máxima de H. contortus em 12,5-50 mg mL-1. No EHA, CAME de F. assa-foetida foi identificado como um ovicida potente baseado em seu baixo LC50 (16,9 µg mL-1), seguido em ordem por Ar. catechu e A. donax. Os resultados do FECRT também mostraram que o extrato de F. assa-foetida L. é mais eficaz do que o de Ar. catechu L. e A. donax L., contra nematoides parasitas gastrointestinais. As frações clorofórmio e acetato de etila mostraram melhores atividades anti-helmínticas contra vermes adultos in vitro, enquanto o CAME dessas plantas foi melhor do que o pó bruto in vivo. Recomenda-se documentar e investigar o conhecimento indígena de possíveis plantas medicinais para planejar ensaios científicos que possam justificar seu endosso.
Subject(s)
Animals , Ferula , Haemonchus , Anthelmintics/pharmacology , Areca , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , PoaceaeABSTRACT
Due to ever increasing antibiotic resistance offered by pathogenic bacterial strains and side effects of synthetic antibiotics, thereof, there is a need to explore the effective phytochemicals from natural resources. In order to help overcoming the problem of effective natural drug and the side effects posed by the use of the synthetic drugs, five different plants namely Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus and Achillea millefolium were selected to study their antibacterial potential. Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] checked against the selected bacterial strains. As compared to other test plants, ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves showed the most promising inhibitory effect i.e: inhibition zone [18.17+/- 0.44mm] against Klebsiella pneumoniae and the lowest inhibition [15.5+/-0.29mm] against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli [p<0.05]. The MIC values were recorded in the range of 1 to 20mg/ml. Screening of the selected extracts for the test plants additionally indicate some unique variations. Results were further confirmed through TLC for alkaloids and terpenoids [15% sulphuric acid and Dragedroff's reagent] in ethanolic extract. Characterization of Rosmarinus officinalis of ethanolic extract was carried out using column chromatography. The appearance of orange crystals may indicate the presence of alkaloidal bioactive compounds which need to be further investigated. The tested plants may have a potential for fighting against some infectious diseases caused by selected human pathogenic bacterial strains. This knowledge may incite a gateway to effective drug search and so on
ABSTRACT
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of knee osteoarthritis treatment with Maitland technique over general exercises in aged female patients
Methodology A Cross sectional experimental study was performed on 80 osteoarthritic female patients of age between 45-60 years which were randomly selected from LNH. They were divided into 2 groups of 40 patients each. Group A received Maitland technique application while Group B received general knee ROM ex's. All participants have received 24 sessions of Maitland and general exercises. Data has been collected and analyzed on SPSS 20through assessment form used by Physiotherapist via pre-and post-evaluation of Visual Analogue Scale, Muscle Power, Muscle Tone and Range of Motion
Results The results revealed that Group A having vasual analogue scale score =5.4 +/-0.9, while Group B having vasual analogue scale score=6.25+/-1.4, the muscle power was 5.0+/-4.8 in group A, while in group B it was4.05 +/-0.58, Geno-Flexion of group A was 129.5+/-5.2, Geno- Flexion of group B was 121.57+/-10.9. The results of all tests were significant with the P-value < 0.05 of Group A as compared to B
Discussion During the OA of knee joint the decrement of a proteoglycan content of cartilage and the disintegration of collagen fibers occurs, which leads to rise in water content so there will be loss of osmotic pressure. The net result will be the degradation of cartilage, as proteoglycan has protective effects on collagen fibers
Conclusion It was concluded that Maitland technique relieved more effectively the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in females than general exercises
ABSTRACT
Objective The study was aimed to estimate premenstrual syndrome and its consequent symptoms in married and unmarried females during menstrual phase, pre-ovulatory phase and post-ovulatory phase
Methodology A cross sectional survey based study has been conducted in young females of 25-35 age groups. Participants were divided into two groups. Group A were with PMS and group B were healthy subjects. The evaluation of manifestations in all three phases was gathered by using PRISM calendar. The data was collected and stored and analyzed by applying Chi-square test by using SPSS v.22.0
Result The result revealed that the severity was different among unmarried [55%] and married [50%] in all three phases of Menstrual cycle. Unmarried female shows their symptoms 54.5% in menstrual phase, 27.3%in post ovulatory phase and 18.2% in preovulatory phase, while married females express 50%, 30%, and 20.0% respectively in all the three phases. The significant [p<0.05] result were recorded in menstrual phase by showing back pain, anxiety, breast pain, headache, depression, nausea, abdominal cramps, irritability and swelling in both married and unmarried women. While Diarrhea and vomiting found on-significant [p>0.05]. Constipation was additional significant factor present in married females
Discussion The present study among unmarried females and married females revealed that premenstrual syndrome [PMS] differs in each of three groups. Women of reproductive age either married or unmarried showing significant symptoms of PMS, however different phases have different percentage among these two groups
Conclusion According to our results, we concluded that in unmarried and married females, PMS were found frequently during menstrual phase and remaining two phases has no prevailing clinical manifestation
ABSTRACT
Comparative efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) crude powder and salinomycin sodium on the occurrence of coccidiosis and growth performance of broiler was evaluated. A total of 90, day-old chicks were randomly divided into six groups. From first day onward, ration was supplemented with 1, 2 and 3 percent turmeric powder in groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively, group 1 received salinomycin sodium @ 12 g 50 kg-1 feed while groups 5 and 6 were kept as infected un-medicated and uninfected un-medicated controls. First five groups were infected with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts @ 1,00,000/chick at the age of 20 days. Body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio were investigated throughout the experimental period, and bloody diarrhea and oocysts excretions were investigated at the first and the second week after infection. Maximum coccidiostatic effect was observed with turmeric (3 percent) showing mild bloody diarrhea as compared to other infected groups receiving turmeric containing rations. This effect was comparable with a standard coccidiostat i.e., salinomycin sodium. Similarly, the weight gain in the groups treated with salinomycin sodium (2280g) and 3 percent turmeric (2293g) were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of infected control group (1955g). In the groups treated with ration supplemented with 3 percent turmeric powder and salinomycin sodium, the peak excretion of oocysts was delayed about 1 or 2 days relative to the control infected group. Concentration-dependent coccidiostatic effect of turmeric suggested that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible maximum safe levels of turmeric with least toxic effects to be used as coccidiostat.
ABSTRACT
The present study was planned to observe the hypoglycaemic effect of the 'Compound recipe' a combination of traditional medicinal plants in normal and alloxan induced diabetes mellitus. This study was performed to study the possible role of indigenous medicinal plants in the regeneration of pancreatic beta-cells and in treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The 'Compound recipe' was administered daily in doses of 400-mg/kg body weight to normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbits for a period of 4 months. The blood glucose and serum insulin levels were estimated before and 1,2,3 and 4 months after the administration of the extract. The extract exerted a significant [p>0.05] hypoglycemic effect in alloxan diabetic rabbits. The hypoglycemic effect was not significant [p>0.05] in normal rabbits. The extract exerted a significant [p<0.05] increase in insulin levels in alloxan diabetic rabbits. The effect on insulin levels was not significant [p>0.05] in normal rabbits. The doses used did not show acute toxicity or result in behavioral changes. From this study it may be conclude that the Compound recipe causes an increase in serum insulin levels in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits possibly due to regeneration of pancreatic beta cells
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Rabbits , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Alloxan , Insulin/blood , Medicine, Traditional , Hypoglycemic Agents , Insulin-Secreting Cells , Blood Glucose , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
To ascertain the spectrum of precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. descriptive study. The study was conducted in the department of medicine, medical B unit of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar over six months. All patients with cirrhosis of liver[CL] of more than 12 years of age, manifesting signs of hepatic encephalopathy [HE] were included and those who had acute fulminant hepatitis or had noncirrhotic portal hypertension were excluded from the study. Detailed history, clinical examination and thorough investigations were done to look for any precipitating factor and the findings were recorded on a proforma. Fifty patients [32 males and 18 females] were enrolled. 47 patients had hepatitis B, C or both positive. 64% were in the age group of 45-60 years and 76% were having either grade III or IV coma. Thirty three [66%] patients had asterixis which was found to be a sensitive index for the diagnosis of HE in patients who were not in coma. Jaundice and Ascites were other common presenting features. Electrolytes imbalance in 28[56%] patients, diarrhea in 20[40%], constipation in 16[32%], infections in 12[24%] and gastrointestinal bleed in 11[22%] patients were amongst the commonest precipitating factors. None gave the history of alcoholism or recent surgery Occurrence of precipitating factors for HE in patients with CL is a common phenomenon and all such patients must be hospitalized to ascertain and manage such factors
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology , Precipitating FactorsABSTRACT
Cytochrome c oxidase from a number if eukaryotic organisms have been isolated and thoroughly investigated in various laboratories. Chicken cytochrome c oxidase from heart mitochondria was isolated and study was conducted in view of its structural and functional properties. Spectral properties of chicken oxidase were found to be similar to that of bovin oxidase as standared. Both oxidase posses Cu and Fe atoms. Sedimentation equilibrium [S] values indicated chicken heart cytochrome C oxidase as 9+5s and beef oxidase as 11 S in dimeric form at physiological pH. Polypeptide composition of monomers and dimmers are identical