Delay in Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer Patients Attending a Tertiary CareHospital in Kashmir: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: cancers is associated with a favourable outcome. Stomach cancer is one of the most common cancers of gastrointestinal tract. Majority patients visit physicians in developed stages. To evaluate theObjective: reporting pattern of stomach cancer patients living in Kashmir valley in order to determine the median time of delay from the beginning of symptoms to diagnosis. Total 116 proven stomach cancer patientsMethod: were evaluated for the pattern of presentation at endoscopy laboratory of Super Speciality Hospital, Shireen Bagh Kashmir from April 2019 to September 2020. In this study, the mean age (SD) of participantsResults: was 60.22 ± (11.90) years. Majority of the participants (69.8%) were males. Cases were predominantly from the rural area (58%).Only 15.5 % of the cases were diagnosed within one month of their symptoms while as 3.4% of the cases had a total delay of more than 12 months. The study found a considerable total delay in the diagnosis of stomach cancer. The mean of the patient delay was 45.6 days. The median total delay was 20 weeks. Since stomach cancer has high mortality and morbidity rates associated, creatingConclusion: awareness among the population and training of physicians regarding timely referral of patients seems important

The Lived-In Experience and Psychological Recount of Dog Bite VictimsVisiting the Anti-Rabies Clinic in Kashmir: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: There is a necessitated need for canvassing and prioritizing measures towards rabies elimination beyond existing statuesque post-exposure prophylaxis. Moreover, there is a need to characterize the psychological and intrusive experiences of dog-bite victims to portray a picture beyond the public health perspective. To get an expressive understanding of the psychological and lived-in experience ofObjective: dog bite victims' to complement existing concepts. The study was conducted at the anti-rabiesMethod: clinic(ARC) of SMHS hospital which receives animal bite cases from the whole of Kashmir valley. Participants were selected by purposive sampling based on the inclusion criteria, and data saturation was reached with eleven participant interviews. One to one in-depth interviews were conducted with eleven (11) dog bite victims, using a preformed interview guide. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method to describe the individualistic experiences faced in peculiar conditions with familiar phenomena embedded in them. Data analysis yielded three overarching themes and nine subthemes viz:-Results: 1.Spiritual and emotional ineffectualness. (Suffering and affliction, Spiritual sulkiness, Emotional emergence) 2. Flashbacks of being hindered and defenseless. (Lack of focus in one's work, lacking the courage to protect, Being shaky) 3. Social and economical implications. (Financial loss, group and peer detachment, preferring isolation) The results of this study showed that dog bite patients experience an unpleasantConclusion: phenomenon in the face of being bitten by the dogs and are subjected to severe psychological pressures that require attention and support of medical professionals, psychologists and government authorities.

Measles Surveillance in Kashmir: A Mixed Methods Study

Background: Measles surveillance serves as the means of monitoring program success. The quintessential purpose of measles surveillance is to identify gaps and garner effective public health responses to achieve measles elimination. Objectives: There were two key objectives: (i) to conduct an in-depth review of the existing measles surveillance system in Kashmir and highlight its strengths and weaknesses and (ii) to assess the pattern of measles?containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage and MCV2 coverage among under?5 years children and describe the health-seeking patterns of suspected cases of measles. Methods: The mixed methods study was conducted in the Kashmir valley from March 2018 to March 2019. An explorative qualitative design was followed using individual face?to?face interviews with thirty-two (n = 32) different stakeholders from the state, district, medical block, and primary health center (PHC) levels. To complement the qualitative study, a quantitative survey was done in two districts, Srinagar and Ganderbal, which consist of 5 and 4 medical blocks, respectively. Results: Among the suspected cases of measles, 52% had visited PHCs. Sixty?four suspected cases of measles (64) were immunized with two doses of MCV. None of the clinically suspected cases of measles were further investigated. In the qualitative analysis, five themes were generated viz, “measles surveillance description of Kashmir valley;” “factors affecting measles surveillance, perceptions, and experiences of stakeholders;” “barriers to measles surveillance;” “measles surveillance activities need to be intensified;” and “respondent recommendations for building an effective and sensitive measles surveillance system.” Conclusion: The current measles surveillance system in Kashmir was not effectively functioning; case-based measles surveillance is not being done as per the WHO guidelines. There is a lack of planning, advocacy, awareness, and communication of measles surveillance among the stakeholders. The visible barriers in measles surveillance included lack of training, logistics, incentives, and monitoring by internal and external agencies.

Assessment of Delivery of Routine Immunization in Kashmir: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Immunization is one of the splendid public health interventions that remarkably reduced child morbidity, mortality, and disability. Despite attaining substantial immunization coverage in Kashmir, assessment of the immunization system is quintessential for sustaining the gains and exploring the gaps. Objective: To assess the gaps in the delivery of routine immunization services in Kashmir Valley. Method: In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with thirty-two (32) important stakeholders, who were purposively selected as they play an active role in the planning and implementation of the Immunization Program and devise strategies at different levels of healthcare delivery. At the state level, SEPIO and SMO were interviewed at the District level, DIO/Deputy CMO was interviewed in all ten (10) districts of Kashmir Valley. From all ten Districts, two Medical-Blocks were selected from each District, and one Block Medical Officer and one Medical Officer were interviewed alternatively from each Medical-Block. Results: The thematic qualitative analysis approach was used and the analysis process generated five themes. Each of these themes included many sub-themes. 1. Factors facilitating the implementation of Routine Immunization (RI), 2. Limitations and deficits related to knowledge, attitude, monitoring, 3. Constraints encountered in the implementation of (RI) program, 4. Difficulties in the implementation of RI revealed by respondents, 5. Transformational steps to bridge gaps in the delivery of Immunization (RI) Conclusion: There were visible deficits related to knowledge, attitude, and monitoring among health professionals. Certain constraints encountered in the implementation of the program were financial constraints in the training of health care professionals and human resources constraints. The study showed the need for transformational steps to bridge gaps in the delivery of the Immunization (RI), which included regular monitoring and review meetings, teamwork and peer learning, training, and improvement in cold chain maintenance

Morbidity pattern in patients attending an OPD clinic at a health subcenter in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir

A retrospective descriptive study was carried out at subcenter Abidal, Srinagar to assess morbidity pattern among the population who visited this center. Secondary data was taken and analyzed using Microsoft excel. Results showed female population more often visited the center. Among the majority of recorded cases acute infections and fevers, hypertension, musculoskeletal disorders and anemia were a major contributing ailment.

Vaccine usage and wastage in a designated Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre in North India

Purpose@#Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes. World Health Organization guidelines advocate a single dose of vaccine for life-long protective immunity against yellow fever. Yellow fever vaccine is included in routine childhood immunization schedules in countries at medium or high risk of yellow fever. For some travelers, visiting endemic countries, yellow fever vaccination is recommended to protect the travelers. We calculated the yellow fever vaccine wastage rate at a designated center in North India. @*Materials and Methods@#This is a record-based study. The data for the study was obtained from the immunization center of Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. The particulars for every vaccine recipient were present in the register. The vaccine wastage rate was calculated. The analysis was done in IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and results were presented as numbers and frequencies. @*Results@#A total of 136 doses were issued out of which 111 doses were administered from November 2017 till October 2020. The maximum number of travelers was young adults (26.1%). In 83.7% of cases, the area of the visit was Africa. The vaccine wastage rate was 18.4%. @*Conclusion@#The vaccine wastage rate was not very high and was within that recommended for vaccines in routine immunization.

Management of club foot by ponseti method: our experience

Objective: To present our experience of treating the club foot with the Ponseti way of conservative management. Study Design: Cross-sectional prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at CMH Sialkot and CMH Rawalpindi, from Jun 2012 to Jun 2015

Material and Methods: A total of 39 children were treated by the same surgeon and 35 cases were included in this study. Ponseti method involves the non-surgical management of clubfoot, involving manipulation and casting techniques. The foot is systematically stretched as per Ponseti method into the normal shape and repeated casts are applied. Equinus is later treated by percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy if required

Results: Our aim was over correction of the deformity before advising for foot abduction brace. Thirty one [88.57%] cases showed excellent results while we faced difficulty in achieving the required aim in 4 [11.43%] cases

Conclusion: Ponseti clubfoot management technique has reduced the need for extensive soft tissue release and major clubfoot surgery. This technique has been successful in our setup too. We recommend that it may be adopted as the gold standard for clubfoot treatment throughout the country and primary health care physicians should also be trained in this technique so that maximum people may benefit from this

Chronic hepatitis C; "APRI score a noninvasive marker, its predictive value for determination of hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis at tertiary care hospital Hyderabad/ Jamshoro"

ABSTRACT: The major causative factor of hepatic cirrhosis and its complications in chronic hepatitis C is due to presence of liver fibrosis. To assess prognosis and management related decisions, the exact staging of liver fibrosis is of greatest importance. Now, liver biopsy is the inexact gold standard for this purpose. APRI or AST to platelet ratio Index is the best noninvasive marker which can predict presence of fibrosis in majority of chronic hepatitis C patients without the need of biopsy. It is also cost effective and only depends on routine testing [Platelet count and serum AST]

Objectives: To determine the positive predictive value of APRI Score for the prediction of fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Study design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Medical wards and Out Patient Medicine Department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. Period: 6 months

Methodology: A total of 51 patients of either gender, age >14 years presenting to Medical wards and OPD for the evaluation of chronic hepatitis were enrolled in this research study after giving preference and avoiding criteria. Clinical data was collected at the time of liver biopsy and blood samples for liver function tests, blood glucose and complete blood picture with platelet count were collected before the biopsy [only AST and platelet count are needed for APRI score] a core biopsy needle of 14 gauge was used and the procedure was conducted under ultrasound guidance. Fibrosis stage was determined according to the METAVIR group scoring system. The patients were examined in a very comfortable manner and all the information collected from the patients was kept confidential and entered in the predesigned proforma

Results: A total of 51 patients were selected for this study. Out of these 31 [60.78%] were male and 20[39.22%] were female. The mean age was 42.53 years [ +/- 11.2 SD]. The positive predictive value for APRI score between 0.5 to 1.0 was 58.82% whereas the positive predictive values for APRI score 1.1-1.5 was 70.58%

Conclusion: The positive predictive values of APRI score in the ranges of 0.5 to 1.5 were not indicative of the presence of significant liver fibrosis in this research study. However, additional data are required to authenticate or disprove the usefulness of APRI score for the prediction of significant hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients

Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with crossed k-wires in displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus

To evaluate the out-come of closed reduction under image intensifier and percutaneous cross k-wire fixation in Gartland Type II and III supracondylar fractures of humerus in children. Case series . Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital Malir, from Jun 2006 to Jan 2012. Patients 3-10 years of age, of both genders were included in the study by convenience sampling. Patients who had closed Gartland Type II and III fractures and reported within 24 hours of injury were included in the study. Standardized percutaneous cross. K wiring [medial and lateral] was performed in all the patients, followed by casting, by an orthoropedic surgeon. K wires were removed after four weeks. Patients were followed for upto 06 months and all the early and late post-operative complications were recorded on the given proforma. Evaluation of the results was done on the basis of Flynn's criteria by measuring loss of elbow motion and carrying angle. A total of 30 patients completed the study. The mean age was 6.1 years with a gender distribution of 23 males and 7 females. The involved elbow was right in 17[56.6%] patients and 13[43.3%] patients had left sided injury. There were 18[60%] Gartland type II fractures and 12[40%] Gartland III fractures. All of the fractures were extension type. Three patients [10%] had pin tract infections, whereas none had osteomyelitis, neurovascular damage or compartment syndrome. Twenty four patients [80%] had excellent results according to Flynn's criteria whereas four patients [13.3%] had poor results. Closed reduction under image intensifier and percutaneous K wiring through medial and lateral approach in selected Gartland Type II and III fractures in children is a safe procedure and provides adequate stabilization with satisfactory results

clinicoetiological study of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

To present the pattern of morbidity associated complications, and causative factors in individual cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome [SJS]/toxic epidermal necrolysis [TEN]. Patients and methods This case series descriptive study, using a convenience sampling technique, was carried out in the In-patients department of Dermatology Unit I, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore from January 2007 to September 2008. Thirty clinically diagnosed patients, suffering from SJS/TEN, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients' demographic data, symptoms, signs and any relevant investigations were recorded and scored. Using an appropriately designed pro forma, symptoms/ and signs were categorized into thirteen variables. The severity of each variable was scored froml-3 [total score range 13 to 39]. An association of these variables with patient outcome, in terms of either discharge from hospital or death, was calculated. Pain and gastrointestinal involvement were seen in all 30 [100%] patients. Mortality was found to be 13.3% and was significantly associated with infection, total morbidity score, area of epidermal involvement and respiratory system involvement. Similarly development of wound infection, area of epidermal involvement, fever and total score significantly affected the duration of hospital stay. While the causative drug/s remained unknown in 26.7% cases the most common identifiable drug was trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, causing disease in 13.3%. Conclusions Mortality in cases of SJS/TEN showed significant association with wound infection, area of skin involvement, total morbidity score and respiratory system involvement

Outcome of close reduction and percutaneous pinning in displaced pediatric supracondylar fracture of humerus assessed by Flynn's criteria

To evaluate the adequacy of closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner [K]-wire fixation technique in treatment of unstable type II and III supracondylar humeral fractures in children by Flynn's Criteria. A descriptive study. Combined Military Hospital / Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from August 2008 to September 2012 Children with displaced type II and III supracondylar fractures of the humerus who were managed with closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation were included. All patients were operated upon within three days after trauma. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 4 +/- 1 months and assessed radiologically for union. Functionally and cosmetically they were assessed according to Flynn's criteria. Eighty nine children with displaced type II and III supracondylar fractures of the humerus were managed with closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation. There were 67 boys and 22 girls with a mean age of 7.2 +/- 2.07 year. All patients achieved solid union. Functionally, 94.4% patients achieved excellent and good while 4.5% had satisfactory results. Cosmetically 86.5% of patients had excellent and good results, 5.6% satisfactory and 7.9% had unsatisfactory results. The most frequent complication was minor pin tract infection in seven patients. Two patients had neuraprexia of ulnar nerve after pinning. The obtained results and few complications noted suggest that the technique is a suitable treatment option for displaced type II and III supracondylar fractures in children, if referred early

Are tremors in old age, really senile? a hospital based study

To study the frequency and severity of tremors in otherwise healthy elderly adults at Sind Government Hospital Liaqatabad, Karachi. This cross-sectional study, was conducted at the Sindh government hospital, Liaquatabad, Karachi from October, 2007-2009. Five hundred otherwise healthy adults of both genders of more than 60 years were selected. After thorough clinical examination, classification and the severity of tremors were assessed by tasks given to the patients by principal investigator which he designed himself. All variables were put in proper register. Data entry and analysis was performed by single researcher on SPSS 16 for biostatistics. The inclusion criteria were adults of more than 60 years of either gender with no history of any systematic or neurological illness and presently not on drugs. The exclusion criteria were disputed age groups and those who cannot sign or write their names because they cannot be assessed by tasks. The mean age was 68.75 years +/- 6.74 with male female ratio of 1.95:1. Out of 500 subjects 84 [16.8%] showed no tremors, 307 [64.4%] had mild tremors only evident on special movements i.e. enhanced physiological tremors [physiological senile tremors] and 109 [21.8%] had moderate to severe tremors evident on movements i.e. kinetic, essential tremors [pathological senile tremors], with family history of 50.45%. Tremors in old age are not part of life. Most of them had enhanced physiological tremors while few were of essential type with strong family history. If these are detected, they should be evaluated and classified and can be managed to make elderly population more useful to their family and the society

Neonatal sepsis: causative bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics

Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the causative bacteria and level of their resistance to commonly used antibiotics. This descriptive study was carried out at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from April 2009 to January 2010. All neonates of either gender admitted in neonatology unit with clinical sepsis and positive blood culture were included in the study. Neonatal period was defined as 28 days of life at term and up to 44 weeks of gestational age in preterm babies. One hundred and thirty neonates of either gender were studied during the period. Blood sample for culture was taken from a peripheral vein or an artery ensuring standard anti-septic measures. BACTEC technique was used for obtaining bacterial growth and drug sensitivity after incubation of 24-48 hours. Second blood culture was also performed in few cases which were not showing improvement after initial treatment. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Early and late onset sepsis was found in 29.2% and 70.8% respectively. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequent than grampositive bacteria with a frequency of 54.6% and 45.4% respectively. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance against commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriazone and gentamicin. Staph. aureus is the most common gram-positive bacterium and E. coli is the most common gram-negative bacterium causing neonatal sepsis. Grampositive and gram-negative bacteria are highly resistant against commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriazone and gentamicin, and are relatively more sensitive to less commonly used drugs like amikacin and ceftazidime

Neglected monteggia fracture: experience in eleven patients

To evaluate surgical options in the treatment of missed monteggia fracture dislocation. Case series Place and Duration of the Study: CMH Rawalpindi from May 2007 to August 2009. We have presented our surgical experience in 11 patients who reported to CMH Rwp from May 2007 to August 2009. They were treated by close reduction or surgically depending upon the patient age and delay. Boyd's approach was used for open reduction of the radial head in some cases. Postoperatively they were evaluated by Kim's elbow performance score Patients were all boys. Those below 12 years of age were included in the study. Excellent to good results were observed in those who were treated by open reduction of ulnar fracture by callus trimming with indirect reduction of radial head via interosseous membrane traction. Single forearm bone fracture should be treated as fracture dislocation until proved by adequate radiological survey and clinical examination

Dental fluorosis - an orthodontic adhesive challenge

The purpose of this study, carried out in early 2010, was threefold: Firstly, to assess the frequency of mild to severe type of dental fluorosis in the school children of district Jhang, [Punjab], both males and females with an age range of 6-14 years. The ratio between girls [420] and boys [278] was 1.51:1. Out of a total sample size of 698, 76 girls and 90 boys suffered from dental fluorosis with a total frequency of 23.78%. Secondly, to give a wake up call to those who are responsible for the prevention of this menace from that specific segment of poor and neglected society. Lastly, to get an effective bonding clue for this pretty good quantum of patients who pose a great challenge in orthodontics, in terms of poor sheer bond strength of adhesives due to repeated bond failures while using "standard etching protocol", resulting in a poor treatment outcome. Current orthodontic literature hints that among the various orthodontic adhesive materials, self etching primer has so far played a promising role in these cases, as is evident from various studies

Traditional use of medicinal plants by the Garo tribe in northern region of Bangladesh

The study of ethnobotany relating to any tribe is very intricate or convoluted process. This paper documents the traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used by the indigenous Garo tribes in the northern region of Bangladesh. The present study was done through a semi-structured questionnaire. We found 23 medicinal plant species belonging to 30 families in our study area which are frequently used by the Garo tribes. Our study reveals that for curing diverse form of ailments 48% Garo households use aboveground plant parts, 9% households use underground plant parts and 43% use both aboveground and underground plants parts. In case of aboveground plant parts, leaf was used in the majority of cases [17 species], followed by bark [6 species] and fruit [3 species]. Different underground plant forms such as root, tuber, rhizome, bulb and pseudo-bulb were also used by the Garo tribe as medicine. Altogether, 27 types of ailments have been reported to be cured by using these 23 medicinal plant species. The study thus underlines the potentials of ethnobotanical research and the need for documentation of traditional ecological knowledge pertaining to medicinal plants management and utilization for the greater benefit of mankind

Tube thorocostomy: management and outcome in patients with penetrating chest trauma

Penetrating chest trauma is common in this part of the world due to present situation in tribal areas. The first line of management after resuscitation in these patients is tube thoracostomy combined with analgesia and incentive spirometry. After tube thoracostomy following surgery or trauma there are two schools of thought one favours application of continuous low pressure suction to the chest tubes beyond the water seal while other are against it. We studied the application of continuous low pressure suction in patients with penetrating chest trauma. This Randomized clinical controlled trial was conducted in the department of thoracic surgery Post Graduate Medical Institute Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from July 2007 to March 2008. The objectives of study were to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous low pressure suction in patients with penetrating chest trauma for evacuation of blood, expansion of lung and prevention of clotted Haemothorax. One hundred patients who underwent tube thoracostomy after penetrating chest trauma from fire arm injury or stab wounds were included in the study. Patients with multiple trauma, blunt chest trauma and those intubated for any pulmonary or pleural disease were excluded from the study. After resuscitation, detailed examination and necessary investigations patients were randomized to two groups. Group I included patients who had continuous low pressure suction applied to their chest drains. Group II included those patients whose chest drains were placed on water seal only. Lung expansion development of pneumothorax or clotted Haemothorax, time to removal of chest drain and hospital stay was noted in each group. There were fifty patients in each group. The two groups were not significantly different from each other regarding age, sex, pre-intubation haemoglobin and pre intubation nutritional status. Full lung expansion was achieved in forty six [92%] patients in group I and thirty seven [74%] in group II. Partial lung expansion or pneumothorax was present in three [6%] in group I and 10 [20%] in group II. One patient in group I and three [6%] patients in group II had no response. The mean time to removal of chest drains were 8.2 +/- 3.14 days in group I and 12.6 +/- 4.20 days in group II. The length of hospital stay was 7.2 +/- 2.07 days and 12.4 +/- 3.63 days in group I and II respectively. Clotted Haemothorax requiring surgery developed in three [6%] patients in group I and 8 [16%] patients in group II. Placing chest tubes on continuous low pressure suction after penetrating chest trauma helps evacuation of blood, expansion of lung and prevents the development of clotted Haemothorax. It also reduces the time to removal of chest drains, the hospital stay and the chances of surgery for clotted Haemothorax or Empyema

Comparasion of campbell's and olecranon osteotomy approaches for treatment of inter-condylar fracture of humerus

Surgical management of inter-condylar fractures of humerus includes various approaches of open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF], with each having its merits and demerits. In this study we analyzed Campbell's and trans-olecranon osteotomy approaches for ORIF of inter-condylar fracture of humerus in terms of adequacy of exposure and functional rehabilitation. The study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, CMH Rawalpindi and PNS Shifa, Karachi from 1999 to 2005. A total of 43 patients with T/Y fracture of distal humerus were divided into two groups [Gp]. Gp A comprising of 22 patients were operated by Campbell's approach while Gp B having 21 patients were operated by trans-olecranon osteotomy approach. The mean age of Gp A and B were 36.95 +/- 4.21 [range: 27-49 yrs] and 35.71 +/- 5.17 [range: 21-45 yrs] respectively. Follow up of patients varied from 3 to 9 months and they were evaluated for functional results. Mean operating time was significantly longer in Gp B [mean 124.28 +/- 31.32 min] as compared to Gp A [mean 100.40 +/- 25.78 min] [P-value 0.022]. Functional results were evaluated based upon the criteria of Risen-borough and Radin. Gp A shows 59.09% good results and 27.27% fair results which were comparable to the results of Gp B i.e 57.14% good and 33.33% fair. This study proved that both the approaches for internal fixation of type 2 and 3 inter-condylar fractures of humerus with minimum or no intra-articular comminution are comparable in terms of functional results

Hypolipidemic effects of high fat sunflower oil and nigella sativa [Kalonji] on serum lipid profile of albino rats

Diet is the main factor affecting serum lipid concentrations. We studied the changes in serum lipid profile by high fat sunflower oil diet. We also documented the effects of Nigella Sativa [Kalonji] on serum lipid profile. Thirty two albino rats were divided into two groups i.e. one control [C] groups and other experimental [E] group having equal number of rats. Study was carried out for twelve weeks. Fasting blood samples were drawn by heart puncture for serum lipid profile under ether anaesthesia. Estimations were done by recommended methods. Statistical methods were done by using student's "t" test. We found decrease in total cholesterol by 9.6%, triglyceride by 4.21%, LDL cholesterol by 12.0% and HDL cholesterol by 10.4%. We concluded from study that polyunsaturated fatty acid in high concentrations [20%] has lipid-lowering effect and Nigella sativa has got HDL cholesterol raising effect, which has anti-atherogenic potential

Effects of low fat diet and nigella sativa [Kalonji] on serum lipid probile of albino rats

Diet influences serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and individual lipoproteins. We compared the serum lipid changes in albino rats fed on low fat sunflower oil diet and Nigella Sativa. Thirty two albino rats were divided into two groups, one control [C] group fed on low fat sunflower oil and other experimental [E] group fed on low fat sunflower oil diet and Nigella Sativa. The study was carried out for twelve weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken by heart puncture under ether anaesthesia for serum lipid profile. Estimations were carried out by recommended methods. Statistical methods was done by using students's "t" test. We found an increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c]. We concluded from the study that polyunsaturated fatty acids in low proportions and Nigella Sativa has HDL-c raising effect, which has anti-atherogenic potential