ABSTRACT
Background: Fungal nail infections are reported mostly among developing countries
Objective: To assess frequency of childhood nail fungal infection among cases of onychomycosis
Methodology: Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2017. A total of 300 diagnosed cases of onychomycosis were included in this study. Study Setting: Department of dermatology and Department of Microbiology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. Specimen was processed by 20% Potassium hydroxide [KOH] mount for the presence of hyphae or spores were considered as a positive test, and mycological culture was done by using Sabouraud's dextrose agar, for 4 weeks and pathogen was identified by colony characteristics and microscopy. Presences of intensely stained reddish dots or threads like structures in between the cells of nail plate were considered to be positive results on histopathology with periodic acid Schiff [PAS]
Results: Out of three hundredcases, 42 [14%] cases reveal fungal infection in children below 18 years of age. Candida albicans was most common fungal infection 18 out of 42 and Trichophyton Rubrum was found in 14 out of 42 cases
Conclusion: Onychomycosis in children was commonly observed in our population. The commonest pathogens were candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Aspergillus
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the surgical complications of renal transplantation in adult end stage renal disease patients
Study Design: Retrospective observational study
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Urology [AFIU] Rawalpindi, from Apr 2009 to Apr 2014
Material and Methods: Frequency of the surgical complications of renal transplant was assessed in 105 adults with end stage renal disease subjected to renal transplantation at Armed Forces institute of Urology Rawalpindi, from Apr 2009 to Apr 2014
Results: Total 105 adults were included in the study with the median age of 38 years; [ranging from 18 to 61 years]. There were 88 [83.8 percent] male and 17 [16.2 percent] female patients. All were live related transplants. Vascular complications were the most common [6.66 percent] followed by urological complications [2.85 percent]. Graft loss occurred in 3.8 percent and surgical mortality was 0.95 percent
Conclusion: Vascular complications after renal transplantation need prompt detection and remedial steps to avoid graft loss. Urological complications, on the other hand, increases morbidity, often needs corrective radiological or surgical intervention, but rarely leads to graft loss