ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a potential relationship between chronic hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes mellitus in Bahawalpur Design: Comparative study
Setting and Period: Bahawal Victoria Hospital and four different private clinics in Bahawalpur during 2002 to 2003
Material and Methods: 1. The case record files of 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C vs. 100 with chronic hepatitis B were reviewed and the laboratory and demographic data were extracted. 2. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were determined for 100 type 2 diabetes patients and 100 healthy adults by ELISA. The diagnosis of diabetes was based on the new WHO criteria. Pearson`s correlation coefficient was calculated and tested for significance
Results: 1. The occurrence of diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 19%, higher than 8% in patients with chronic hepatitis B [P<0.01]. Age and HCV infection were independent risk factors for diabetes. 2. Three patients with type 2 diabetes were anti-HCV positive while none of the 100 healthy adults was anti-HCV positive [P<0.05]. Four patients with diabetes and five healthy adults were HBsAg positive [P>0.05]
Conclusion: 1. Diabetes Mellitus was found to be significantly more frequent among HCV related liver disease patients when compared with HBV infected liver patients. 2. The frequency of anti HCV was higher in diabetes patients as compared to healthy adults. HCV can be a trigger factor in the development of diabetes mellitus
ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out common precipitating factors leading to hepatic encephalopathy in selected known cases of cirrhosis of liver .Design: It is a descriptive study comprising patients selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Setting: Department of Medicine, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: From January 2000 to December 2002
Subject: Fifty [50] known cases of cirrhosis of liver with encephalopathy
Main Outcome Measures: One or more precipitating factors leading to hepatic encephalopathy, grades of encephalopathy, etiology of cirrhosis of liver
Results: Thirty two [64%] patients were male and 18 [36%] females. The commonest age group involved was between 40-49 years [26%]. Most of the patients [46%] were in grade-IV encephalopathy. HBV [46%] was the commonest cause of cirrhosis. The most common precipitating factor of encephalopathy was gastrointestinal bleeding in 20[40%] patients. Other precipitating factors detected were, infections in 15[30%] patients, combination of gastrointestinal bleeding and infections in 7[14%], constipation in 3[6%], gastrointestinal bleeding and constipation in 2[4%], infections and constipation in 2[4%] and abdominal paracentesis in 1 [2%]patients
Conclusion: Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common precipitating factor of encephalopathy followed by infections