Factors affecting on obesity and underweight with outcome among people living in the vicinity of Marzipura, Faisalabad

Due to transformation in nutritional status, along with epidemiological and socio demographic changes in developing countries like Pakistan, obesity and underweight coexist in our community. Date about coexistence of obesity [body mass index, BMI >/= 30kg/m[2]] and underweight [BMI >/= 18.5 kg/m[2]] and related factors are lacking in this region of our province. This study will help us to relate different sociodemographic factors with obesity and underweight. To know the prevalence of obesity and underweight by body mass index [BMI] and to investigate the association of obesity and underweight with selected health conditions and socioeconomic differences in this group.Observational retrospective crosssectional study. The record of 1656 individual presented in medical OPD or Independent University Hospital Marzi Pura Faisalabad, during the period of 4 months Mar 2013 to June 2013 was analysed. Age, Sex, Body Weight and height were enter in a structure format sheet. Date was analysed by SPSS Version17. Mean BMI was 24.0 kg/m[2] [SD = 6.2], and was higher for women and decreased with age. Prevalence of obesity was 19.6% and was positively associated with female gender, family income, hypertension, and diabetes and inversely related to physical activity. Underweight affected 15.6% of participants mainly of age group < 25 years and in elderly people, and was higher among women and low-income families. It was negatively associated with hypertension and diabetes and directly associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and >/= 2 hospitalizations in the previous 12 months. Both obesity and underweight were associated with increased morbidity. The association of underweight with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, increased hospitalization, and low family income may reflect illness-related weight loss in all age groups especially

Upper GI endoscopy a review of 100 cases at independent medical college / independent university hospital, Faisalabad

Objective: To document various endoscopic findings in patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy in our endoscopy unit. Design: Observational

Patients and methods: The data of 100 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy in Endoscopy Unit of Independent Medical College/ Independent University Hospital from April 2010 to December 2012 was analyzed. Demographic features, reasons for referral and endoscopic diagnoses were noted

Results: Among 100 patients, 35% were referred due to persistent vomiting, 28% due to epigastric pain / discomfort, 18 % due to dyspepsia and 7% due to retrosternal burning and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Common endoscopic diagnoses were gastritis [28%], duodenitis [14%], gastroesophageal reflux disease / esophagitis [6%], esophageal varices [5%] and esophageal growth [4%]

Conclusions: The most common presenting complaint was persistent vomiting followed by epigastric pain / discomfort and the most common endoscopic finding was gastritis

Disease patterns; admitted patients in medical ward of independent university hospital, Marzipura, Faisalabad

Communicable and gastrointestinal diseases followed by respiratory diseases are the main reasons of admission in medical ward of developing countries. This is different from the developed countries where non communicable diseases are the main reasons of hospital admission. In developing countries the data of hospital admission are still lacking. Therefore this study will help us to assess the common patterns of diseases admitted in a medical ward, the average length of hospital stay etc

Objective: The objectives of this study are to assess the patterns and prevalence of diseases, the most common diagnosis and average duration of patient's hospital stay. Design: Observational retrospective cross-sectional study

Patients and Methods: The record of 327 hospitalized patients in medical ward was analyzed for the period of thirteen months from Mar 2013 to Mar 2014. Patient's medical records were retrieved and data analysis was done to obtain age, sex, common diagnosis, the affected system and the duration of the hospital stay. The data was analyzed by using SPSSV 16

Results: After reviewing the data, the most common age of patients being admitted were between 46-65 yrs [37.6%], followed by between 26-45yrs [33%], < 25yrs [15.9 %] , between 66-85 yrs [12.5 % ]and > 85 yrs were only 1% . Among the admitted patients females were more than the males except in case of liver diseases. The most affected system was gastrointestinal [22.63 %] and the most common diagnosis was Diabetes Mellitus [12.84 %]. The next common system involved was cardiovascular [15.29 %], respiratory [14.37 %], endocrine / DM [10.70 %], neurology [9.48 %], heamatology [3.36 %], renal [2.45 %], rheumatology [1.84 %] and others [including pyschiarty, poisoning, infectious, electric shock etc ] [5.81 %]. The cause for hospital admission by infection in different system was [20.48%]. The average duration of hospital stay of the patients was 4 days

Conclusions: The gastrointestinal diseases and the infectious diseases are the most common diseases. The communicable diseases still hold a greater position in developing countries, while non communicable diseases are main reasons for admission to the medical wards in developed countries

Role of amantadine in treatment of chronic hepatitis C

Background: Interferon afla [IFN-alfa] is the only effective treatment for patients with Chronic hepatitis C. Forty percent of patients have an initial response to therapy. But most subsequently relapse. Amantadine, an antiviral agent, in addition ability, of preferably concentrating in liver, has shown a role in reducing hepatic inflammation and suppressing viral replication. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety Of amantadine for treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus [HCV]. Design: Prospective study. Period: From January 2002 to Dec 2003, Setting: Allied Hospital, Faisalabad

Methods: Fifty patients either naive or interferon resistant, with age range of 18-65 years, were enrolled and treated with amantadine 100 mg orally twice daily for six month. Control groups included the same cohort followed of therapy for 12-18 month or during therapy with interferon. All patients were assessed for safety. Tolerance and efficacy at the end of every month during treatment was completed. Patients were followed up for an additional six month to assess durability of response. The primary end - point were loss of detectable HCV-RNA six month after cessation of therapy

Findings: Out of 50 patients treated for six months with amantadine compared to intervals without therapy or to interferon therapy, 17 [34%] had normal serum alanive aminotransferase [ALT] values and had cleared HCV RNA in serum by the end of treatment. The sustained virological response was found in 11 patients with an undetectable serum HCV RNA level six month after therapy Baseline low serum HCV RNA levels were associated with higher rates of Response. During the therapeutic trial, amantadine caused no potential treatment limiting side effects but had a good safety profile

Interpretation: Therapy with amantadine results in biochemical as well as virological response both in the naive and interferon resistant cases of chronic hepatitis C

Prevalence of retinopathy in hypertensive patients

Objective: The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy among hypertensive patients in this area of Pakistan and grading of hypertensive retinopathy at the time of examination according to the Keith-Wagener retinal changes classification for hypertension. Study Design: An observational study. Period: 5½ months Setting: Outdoor/emergency department as well as in medical unit - II of Allied Hospital, Faisalabad

Material and Methods: Three hundred consecutive patients with hypertension of either sex and between 20-85 years of age were examined. Opthalmoscopy was done after dilating the pupil with 1% Mydriacyl and retinopathy graded according to Keith-Wagener Classification

Results: Among these patients, 168 had the finding of hypertensive retinopathy, with overall prevalence of 56%. Out of these 168 patients, 70 had grade I, 75 had grade II, 18 had grade III and 05 had grade IV changes according to the Keith-Wagener Classification of hypertensive retinopathy. Among these 168 patients with hypertensive retinopathy, 64 were males and 104 were females, with overall prevalence in males 58.18% and in females 54.73%. It is found that prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy is maximum in patients with 50 years of age or above. The prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy increases with the duration of hypertension and is maximum in patients with duration of 10 years or more. Two hundred twenty five [225] patients were taking single drug and out of these 110 patients were found to have retinopathy with prevalence of 48.8%, 40 patients were taking combination therapy and out of these 34 patients were found to have retinopathy with prevalence of 86%. The remaining 35 hypertensive patients who had never taken medicine for their B.P control, out of these 35, 22 patients were found to have hypertensive retinopathy with prevalence of 62.8%

Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy in our population is quite high, seen in both sexes and almost in all age groups. It increases with duration of the disease, higher in patient who are taking combination of drug as compared to those who were on single drug

Stroke in hypertensive patients; a scan based 100 case study

Objective: To compare the incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarction in hypertensive patients in stroke. Design: Prospective study: Setting: Medical Unit II Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Period: From 1[st] Aug 2000 to 15[th] April 2001

Material and Method: 100 patients admitted to medical unit II, with a completed stroke along with hypertension. Stroke was suspected on clinical examination and for confirming the diagnosis, CT scan facilities were made available. Out of 100, 65 were males and 35 were females. 73 patients had infarctive stroke, 22 had a haemorrhagic stroke and 5 patients had subarachnoid hemorrhage

Results: Patients were divided into various sub groups according to age, sex, type of stroke and risk factors. The results were tabulated as per outcome on CT brain. 73 patients had infarctive stroke, 22 had a hemorrhagic stroke and 5 patients had SA hemorrhage

Conclusion: Hypertension is risk factor in stroke and should be properly controlled