ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effects of diet control and Metformin on placental morphology in gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]
Methods: After written informed consent 62 GDMs were enrolled. According to WHO criteria, 30 cases of GDMs with blood sugar level <130 mg/dl, were assigned Group B [2000-2500Kcal/day and 30 minute walk thrice weekly were kept on diet control and 32 cases of GDM with blood sugar level >130 mg/dl, assigned Group C were kept on diet with tablet Metformin, [500mg TDS] Finally 25 normal pregnant females were kept in Group A as control. After delivery placentae were preserved and evaluated for morphology
Results: Heavy placentae with abundant villous immaturity, chorangiosis and syncytial knots in group B and fibrinoid necrosis and calcification in group C were seen. In group B versus A placental and cord width while in Group C versus A only cord width in gross morphology showed significant results. In group B versus A villous immaturity, chorangiosis, infarction and syncytial knots in light microscopy were present; similarly in B versus C placental width, chorangiosis and syncytial knots showed significant results, while in C versus A results were non-significant
Conclusion: Metformin produced beneficial effects on placental morphology being comparable to normal control in contrast to diet group
ABSTRACT
It has been observed that exposure to cement dust has been found to be associated with impaired pulmonary function and lung diseases. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of chronic exposure to cement dust on the pulmonary function of cement mill workers [non smokers] and comparing it to non-exposed otherwise matched individuals. Cross sectional study. the study has been completed in duration of 4 months and the data was collected from a cement factory of Karachi. A cross sectional study was carried out on a sample size of 100 cement mill workers who were divided into two groups of non-smoker exposed [n=46] and non-smoker non-exposed [n=54] workers and matched for age, height, weight, BMI, duration of work and their PEFR and FEV[1] were observed using electronic peak flow meter. It has been found that there was no difference in the age, work experience, height, weight and BMI between the two groups while statistically significant difference was found in FEV1 between the two groups, while PEFR was found to be insignificant. Occupational cement dust exposure is associated with impaired pulmonary functions which may lead to chronic lung diseases in these workers. This justifies the need to take preventive measures