ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine clinical crowns length, width and width/length ratios of the maxillary anterior teeth and to determine standard of ideal tooth dimensions. Crown length, width and width/length ratio was measured of 100 casts of patients. All of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth present, anatomically whole, without restorations that altered their dimensions, from which good diagnostic casts could be obtained, and where the anatomic elements were well defined were included in the study. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 version. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for numerical variables like age, tooth width, length and width/length ratio. Pearson correlation test was applied for symmetry of teeth sizes between left and right of arch. The sample composed of 50% males and 50% females with gender ratio 1: 1. The mean age was 23 +/- 2.3 years. The mean crown length was 10.22 mm for right central incisor, 7.96 mm for right lateral incisor and 8.88 mm right canine. The left side teeth crown width was close to right side. The mean crown width was 7.99 mm for right central incisor, 7.96 mm for right lateral incisor and 8.28 mm right canine. The left side teeth crown length was nearly equal to right side crown width. The mean crown width/length ratio was 0.91 for right central incisor, 0.72 for right lateral incisor and 0.71 right canines. The left side teeth crown width/length was nearly equal to right side crown width. Interclass correlation was almost perfect and statistically significant. The tooth dimension showed less variation [low standard deviation value] for crown length, width, and width/length ratio; so it will help the clinician in restorative procedures
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effect of Intravitreal Bevacuzimab on Best Corrected Visual Acuity in patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema. A prospective uncontrolled interventional case series in which 42 eyes of 31 consecutive diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema and no significant comorbid ocular association presenting in the outpatients department of Holy Family Hospital and EYE SURGERY clinic, Rawalpindi Pakistan and opting for the treatment from 1st September 2013 to 31st January 2014 were given an intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab. BCVA was documented prior to and four weeks after the injection. Main outcome measure was changes in BCVA. Out of the 31 patients included in the study 14[45.16%] were male and 17 [54.83%] female. Average age was 56.1 +/- 7.6. All 31 patients [42 eyes] came for follow up and their BCVA recorded. 41 [97.61%] eyes showed an improvement of one or more line on Snellen's chart at 4 weeks. 14 [33.33%] eyes showed an improvement of one line, 19 [45.23%] eyes an improvement of two lines, 6 [14.28%] eyes three lines and just 2 [4.76%] eyes had an improvement of four lines on Snellen's chart at 4 weeks. Only 1[2.38%] eye remained same with no worsening. On log MAR conversion scale for Snellen's letters the BCVA improved from 0.76 +/- 0.27 to 0.47 +/- 0.27 [p< 0.001]. No significant complications were observed in any of the eyes. The use of intravitreal Bevacizumab [1.25mg/0.05ml] is a safe and effective moe of treatment for clinically significant diabetic macular edema
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Intravitreal Injections , Visual Acuity , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of low resolution in the estimation of iron content in deep grey matter of brain using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Six females with mean age 43.16, S.D= 20, age range [23-66] and 13 males with mean age 28.92 + 8.14 were scanned with 3D SWI sequence at 3 Tesla [Trio-Seimens, Erlangen, Germany]. The caudate nucleus, red nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, white matter, thalamus and substantia nigra of brain were drawn manually based on their anatomical locations in Signal Processing in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [SPIN]. Magnitude and phase images of high resolution [HR] [0.5x0.5x2 mm[3]] were processed in SPIN using collapsing parameter to generate the low resolution [LR] [1x1x2 mm[3]] susceptibility mapping. Data was analyzed using paired t-test. A strong linear correlation [R[2]=0.99, p /= 0.05 at HR, R[2]=0.66, p >/= 0.05 at LR]. The slope of the above linear correlation was consistent with the equivalent susceptibility trend at low and high resolution QSM. Linear correlation between susceptibility and iron content at HR and LR has demonstrated that low resolution QSM holds the consistency of susceptibility and does not affect the estimation of iron content in deep grey matter of brain
ABSTRACT
Goldenhar syndrome is a congenital disorder with diverse clinical presentation. This case series describes various clinical manifestations of Goldenhar Syndrome. 11 patients at least two of the described features of Goldenhar syndrome were randomly included in the study to form a case series. Clinical data of all these subjects was documented, described in percentages and analyzed. Out of the 11 patients studied, 6 were females and 5 males. Mean age was 7.3 years [ranging from 1 year to 23 years]. 7 [63.6%] patients had a limbal dermoid, 6 [54.5%] patient had mandibular hypoplasia, whereas only 3 [27.3%] presented with hemifacial microsomia. Spinal defects and polydactyly were present in [36.4%] patients each. There was one patient [9%] who had both microphthalmia and lid coloboma in addition to limbal dermoid. Similarly, renal defect [atrophic kidney], cleft upper lip and palate and CNS defect [7th nerve palsy] were present in one patient [9%] each. None of our patients had either cardiac or GIT defect. In our study we were able to document the variable manifestations of Goldenhar syndrome with their frequencies. This knowledge base will help us in planning treatment and assistance strategies or these patients