ABSTRACT
Hypoglycemia is a common condition found in neonates. Much of morbidity and mortality is related to it, although it can be prevented and managed promptly. It is important to estimate the frequency of hypoglycemia in neonates particularly who are sick and are admitted in hospital. To estimate the frequency of hypoglycemia in hospitalized neonates. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Convenience sampling. The study was conducted in nursery section of Pediatrics unit I at B.V. Hospital, Bahawalpur. from 01-10-2011 to 31-03-2012. 60 neonates were taken who were admitted for various ailments in Nursery Section. They were checked for blood sugar level at the time of admission/presentation by glucometer. If found hypoglycemic, blood sample taken for laboratory conformation. Blood sugar levels were taken and analyzed to compare qualitative variables by chi-square test at 5% level of significance. 30% among hospitalized neonates were found hypoglycemic including both symptomatic and asymptomatic. Neonatal hypoglycemia is observed commonly in hospitalized neonates so blood sugar level of every neonate brought to hospital should be checked
ABSTRACT
Background: Measles is a vaccine preventable disease of childhood. It occurs in epidemics in developing world like Pakistan. It has significant morbidity and mortality due to its complications
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the demographic factors, immunization status, complications and outcome in measles patients, admitted at Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur during measles epidemic
Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur from 4[th] March, to 15[th] August, 2013. A total of 166 patients were admitted who presented with signs and symptoms of measles according to WHO criteria. Demographic profile including age, gender, residential status, immunization status and nutritional status of these patients was observed. They were evaluated for complications like pneumonia, gastroenteritis, encephalitis, otitis media, post measles state, dysentery and myocarditis. The outcome of these admitted patients was seen in terms of discharge, leave against medical advice, referral and death. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 15
Results: In the patients, 93 [56%] were males and 73 [44%] were females. Mean age was 3.72 + 2.7 years. One hundred and fifty seven [94.6%] patients were unvaccinated and 9 [5.4%] were partially vaccinated for measles. One hundred and seven [64.5%] were from rural area and 59 [35.5%] to urban area. Fifty nine [35.5%] were well nourished and 107 [64.5%] undernourished. Seventy two [43.4%] patients were having pneumonia. Thirty seven [22.3%] patients were having gastroenteritis. Nine [5.4%] patients were having encephalitis. Post measles state was found in 11[6.6%]. Majority of patients [88.6%] were discharged in a satisfactory condition while 9 patients [5.4%] expired
Conclusion: Measles was mainly found in unvaccinated children aged 1-5 years. Malnutrition was a major risk factor for mortality in our study. So we recommend two doses measles vaccine schedule and > 90% routine coverage in order to minimize the chances of measles outbreak