ABSTRACT
Rauwolfia serpentina is well-reported in traditional medicines for the treatment of hypertensive and neurological disorders. However, its antidiabetic potential has been currently described in both alloxan-treated and normoglycemic mice. Present effort was carried out to investigate the effect of methanol root extract [MREt] of R.serpentina in fructose-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Experimental mice were grouped into normal control [distilled water 1ml/kg] and fructose-induced type 2 diabetic groups [10% fructose 1 ml/kg].The second group sub-divided into negative [0.05% DMSO 1ml/kg] control, positive [pioglitazone 15mg/kg] control and three test groups [MREt 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg]. Each treatment was given orally for 14 days consecutively then mice were sacrificed in order to collect serum and liver samples to analyze physical, biochemical as well as hematological markers. MREt significantly improved percent body weight and glycemic change along with serum insulin, total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], lowdensity lipoprotein [LDL-c], very low-density lipoprotein [VLDL-c], high-density lipoprotein-cholesterols [HDL-c], total hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, hepatic glycogen, coronary risk and fasting insulin resistance indices while suppressed down the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase enzyme in test groups when compared with diabetic controls. The present findings conclude that MREt of R. serpentina can effectively betters the carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis by either inhibiting fructose absorption in intestine or decreasing insulin resistance in fructose-induced type 2 diabetic mice
ABSTRACT
In present era stress remains a favorite subject of research especially in medical profession because with high competitive roles and responsibilities, this profession serves the need of mankind. Assessment of professional stress in female medical doctors employed at different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. The cross-sectional non-experimental survey. Different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. November, 2012 to July, 2013. Internationally validated and standardized questionnaire was used as survey tool for present research. It was distributed to total two hundred and twenty eight 228 female medical doctors. Total 191 respondents filled the research survey. 64.39% were MBBS, 20.42% were BDS and 15.18% were postgraduate respondents. Cronbach's alpha was 73.60%. Mean age of respondents was 29.32 +/- 6.96 years, average stress score was 12.09 +/- 4.33 with average years of experience were 4.58 +/- 5.57 years. Stress scores on the basis of demographic variables like age groups, experience, qualification and marital status showed average scores in range between10-12 units. However, high frequency of respondents scored moderate to severe stress when probed on the basis of levels of stress they have possess. Categorizing the equation for stress scores observed in the present survey as, MBBS respondents showed more stress units i.e., 12.50, BDS doctors have had 11.50 units stress and postgraduate respondents had 10 units stress scores. Results concluded that stress in female medical professionals is never underestimated as it is clearly indicated through present survey that all female respondents possess average job stress which need to address
ABSTRACT
Today medical profession is fully equipped with highly competitive roles and responsibilities which serve as high source of stress in one's daily life. Stress has it negative effects on person's life like unbearable health outcomes are among one of the prominent cause of stress linked occupational diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the job stress among different doctors working in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi and to compare it with different demographical factors. Non- experimental, cross-sectional survey was conducted at different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. Total one hundred and thirty five doctors filled the standardized job stress questionnaire through convenient sampling method from December 2011 to May 2012. Overall job stress score was 52.56 +/- 16.35. The value of Cronbach's Alpha was 79.65%. Unmarried professionals were significantly more stressed than married professionals [p < 0.0001]. Similarly, participants with only graduate degree with less year of experience were found to have higher stress than postgraduate medical doctors. The change in the marital status, depicted by Gamma coefficient, explained the decrement of job stress observed from single to married. It was concluded from this study that in medical profession stress is never underestimated. Demographic factors like marital status, experience and professional qualification serve as the stress reducing factors among professional