study on Acute Myocardial Infarction with special reference to age, sex, type of infarct and associated risk factors

To study the frequency of acute myocardial infarction [AMI] and its types in patients admitted in CCU of Divisional Headquarter Hospital [DHQ], Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology [FIC] Faisalabad and to investigate associated risk factors. It was an observational hospital based study conducted at Cardiac Care Centre, DHQ Hospital Faisalabad and FIC from 30th March 2009 to 30th June 2009. One hundred patients were included in the study at both centers. A Performa was filled with tabulated questions and information was recorded. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 13. It revealed statistically significant difference by patient's age and sex. AMI was higher in males [CI = 75 - 91%] than females [CI = 9 - 25%]. Types of infarction including inferior and anteroseptal were observed in significantly higher number of patients, while extensive anterior, non-STEMI and lateral infarction was observed in significantly less number of patients. Results showed significant association [P<0.05] of fat sources in diet with types of AMI. Hypertension [CI = 36-56], smoking [CI = 30-50], family history of IHD [CI = 26-45] were stronger risk factors than others and 19% patients admitted with AMI had Diabetes Mellitus. AMI was significantly higher in patients between 40 and 50 years of age. Age and sex and fat sources in the diet showed significant association with AMI, while family history of IHD, hypertension and smoking were other stronger risk factors

DMFT of 12-15 years old rural area students of south Punjab - Pakistan

Dental caries is an age old problem of the human beings which needs elimination. Advances in the world have caused different effects to this problem. Surveys are conducted to evaluate the extant of this disease and the possible causative factors, periodically in different areas. Present study was conducted to evaluate the DMFT of 12-15 years old population in a rural area of south Punjab- Pakistan. About 950 students [male and female] 12-15 years old from Six rural area school of Muzaffargarh District were included in the study. Examination was made in day light with a mirror and probe. Entries were made in a printed proforma. An overall DMFT of 2.09 was observed for the 922 subjects. DMFT increased with age. It was more in females [2.22] and less in male [2.01] and the children from better socio economic status had less scores [1.94] as compared to poor [2.24]. More meals were associated with less caries while more intermeal snacks caused increase in caries, Brushing habits could not be correlated to DMFT. Rural population needs Oral Hygiene education. Better oral hygiene measures, less frequency of intermeal snacks and prophylactic measures may help reduce the caries

Effect of single application of sodium fluoride gel to the hypersensitivity of teeth

Dental hypersensitivity is a worldwide problem that involves almost every body at some stage of life. Periodontal problems, attritions, abrasions, erosions of dental necks and dental treatment procedures etc. are the major causes of the dental hypersensitivity. Different modalities have been and are being used to reduce the discomfort of the patients. Nowadays a number of toothpastes are available for reduction of the problem with variable results. The problem if reduced is reduced at a slow speed with this toothpaste. A prompt relief is a genuine demand of the patient. Anything, which is simple to use, and effective immediately, is the need of day. Present study was designed to calculate the efficacy of Sodium Fluoride [NaF] gel in relieving dental hypersensitivity of different origins. 184 patients coming with a complaint of general dental hypersensitivity due to [1] Gingivitis/ Calculus [2] Periodontal Therapies [3] Abrasions and Erosions etc. were included. In this study NaF gel was applied all around, all of the teeth with the help of disposable syringe. Patients were recalled the next day, after one week, two week, and 4 week time. The relief of symptoms was assessed by the patient's verbal response. There was a prompt relief of symptoms in all of patients. 75% of the patients felt good relief [75 -100% reduction] of discomfort after 4 weeks time. 17% of patients had moderate relief [50-75% reduction] after 4 weeks while only 7% had poor relief [less than 50%]. The results were analyzed by t-test and Carl Pearson coefficient of correlation tests. Application of NaF gel might be a good single application agent for relief of dental hypersensitivity. Toothpastes may be used in conjunction with NaF gel application

Clinical spectrum of typhoid fever in children

One of the most important health problem in Pakistan and other developing countries is Enteric Fever. As the definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever requires certain laboratory tests, emphasis must be given to clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever especially in communities where laboratory services are not available, so that a rapid diagnosis can be made and appropuate treatment started on clinical grounds without waiting for laboratory investigations. A descriptive study was carried out on 80 patients admitted in Paeds Ward Jinnah Hospital Lahore from June 2003 to June 2004 with strong suspicion of typhoid fever. These patients were either blood culture or widal test positive. Out of 80 admitted patients,29 were female and 51 were male. Maximum incidence was seen in children between 5-15 years of age Fever was the most consistent feature in all patients which was mostly high grade and remittent. The important physical findings were coated tongue and hepatosplenomegaly

Familial hypercholesterolemia Type II-A

Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant disorder, clinically manifested by xanthomas, and is characterized by elevated levels of total and LDL cholesterol with normal triglycerides. We report the case of a 10 year old girl who had xanthomas and xanthelasmas with no evidence of complications. Drug therapy along with lipid lowering diet was offered

Right Morgagni Hernia

Morgagni hernia is anomaly of the sternal insertions of the diaphragmatic bundle and represents 2% of all surgically treated diaphragmatic hernias. We report here a case of 4 month old male infant who had Morgagni hernia

Clinical spectrum of typhoid fever in children

One of the most important health problem in Pakistan and other developing countries is Enteric Fever. As the definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever requires certain laboratory Tests, emphasis must be given to clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever especially in communities where laboratory services are not available, so that a rapid diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment started on clinical grounds without waiting for laboratory investigations. A descriptive study was carried out on 80 patients admitted in Paeds ward Jinnah Hospital Lahore from June 2003 to June 2004 with strong suspicion of typhoid fever. These patients were either blood culture or widal test positive. Out of 80 admitted patients, 29 were female and 51 were male. Maximum incidence was seen in children between 5-15 years of age. Fever was the most consistent feature in all patients which was mostly high grade and remittent. The important physical findings were coated tongue and hepatosplenomegaly