ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the demography, characteristics, visual and anatomical outcomes of combat ocular injuries sustained by Pakistani troops
Study Design: Case series
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology [AFIO] Rawalpindi, from January 2010 to June 2014
Material and Methods: Data of 156 eyes of 120 war wounded patients treated at AFIO from 2010 - 2014 was retrieved and analysed. Record of each patient was evaluated and demographic data, mode and type of injury, initial and final visual acuity [VA], associated globe injuries, concomitant non-ocular injuries, type of surgical procedures and complications were endorsed on a pre-devised proforma. Injuries were classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology [BETT]. Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 13.0
Results: Mean age of study population was 28.33 +/- 7.70 years. Improvised explosive device [IED] blast was the most common mode injury occurring in 51 [42.5%] of casualties. Forty eight [30.76%] eyes sustained closed globe injuries while 108 [69.23%] eyes had open globe injuries. Thirty one [19.87%] eyes were initially managed conservatively, while primary corneo scleral repairs were done in 77 [49.35%] eyes. Overall, final visual outcome was significantly better in closed globe injuries as compared to open globe injuries with 26 [54.16%] eyes with closed globe injury achieving final VA of >/= 6/12 as compared to 10 [9.25%] eyes with open globe injuries
Conclusion: Closed globe combat ocular injuries have better visual outcome as compared to open globe injuries
ABSTRACT
As the paintball sports including war games have become popular, the incidence of paintball ocular injuries has increased considerably. These injuries are usually blunt trauma resulting from paintball projectiles, which travel at a speed of 80-130 m/s. We report 3 cases of ocular paintball injuries with compromised visual outcome sustained in unprotected environment highlighting the importance of compulsory use of American society for testing and material [ASTM] compliant eye protective devices [EPD] during paintball related activities
ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the frequency of various systemic risk factors associated with acute central serous chorioretinopathy [CSCR] in our setup
Study Design: descriptive case series
Place and Duration of Study: armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology [AFIO], Rawalpindi, from July 2011 to June 2014
Methodology: all consecutive patients with acute CSCR who presented in the outpatient department during the study period were recruited. Clinical findings were endorsed on a pre-devised proforma with special emphasis on inquiring about known systemic risk factors for CSCR in detail from each patient. Patients were managed conservatively with control of modifiable risk factors and topical 0.1% Nepafenac eye drops. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 13.0
Results: forty-four eyes of 42 patients were eligible for final analysis. The mean age of study population was 37.38 +/-6.31 years with 38 [90.47%] male patients. Elevated serum cortisol and serum testosterone levels were found in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Known systemic risk factors for CSCR were present in 36 [85.71%] patients with emotional stress/psychiatric disorder 15 [35.71%], Type A personality 11 [26.19%], smoking 10 [19.04%], hypertension 5 [11.90%], and acid peptic disease 4 [9.52%] were the most frequently found risk factors
Conclusion: emotional stress/psychiatric illness, hypertension, acid peptic disease and use of exogenous steroids and other medicines are the established risk factors for CSCR that can be modified / withdrawn to reduce the morbidity related to CSCR