Frequency of esophageal varices in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

To calculate the frequency of esophageal varices in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It is a cross sectional study. One hundred patients of upper Gl bleeding were included in the study. After initial history and clinical examination, upper Gl endoscopy was performed to assess the cause of bleeding and all the relevant data was entered in the specific proforma designed by authors. One hundred patients [56 male and 44 females] of upper Gl hemorrhage were included. Fifty three patients had esophageal varices while 12 patients had duodenal ulcer, 14 had gastric ulcer, 16 had Gastroduodenal erosions, two patients had erosive esophagitis, one patient had Mallory Weiss tear, one had gastric carcinoma and one had coagulopathy. Esophageal varices are the most common cause of upper Gl bleeding in this area where this study was conducted

Frequency of risk factors in acute coronary syndrome

To measure the frequency of risk factors in patients of ACS, Observational descriptive study. It was conducted in the'emergency department of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2008 to January 2009. Consecutive 400 patients who presented with history of chest pain were enrolled in the study. These patients underwent clinical examination, ECG and Trop T testing, Patients were inquired about the risk factors by the help of a Proforma. STEMI was the most common diagnosis [66.7%]. One or more risk factors were present in each patient; Hypertension [37.2%], Smoking history [50.1%], Diabetes Mellitus [29.2%], Family history [41.5%] and sedentary habits [33.2%].Hypertension and smoking are most common risk factors in patients with ACS

Frequency of ABO blood groups among medical students

To find out the frequency of ABO blood groups among medical students. Cross sectional study. At the Department of Physiology and Medicine at Nishtar Medical College [NMC] Multan, from March 2008 to May 2008. All the medical students of the first year were included in the study. Blood was collected by finger prick method. A drop of monoclonal anti-A, anti-B was added to a drop of finger prick blood on clean glass slide and mixed well. Results of agglutination were recorded immediately. There were a total of 221 students of whom 106 were females and 115 males. Frequency of different blood groups were as follows; A: 31.3%, AB: 6.7%, B: 42.1% and O: 29.9%. The distribution of blood groups among females [F] and males [M] was as follows: Group A: 46.8% F, 53.2% M; Group AB: 13.3% F, 86.7% M; Group B: 55.9% F, 44.1% M and Group O: 45.5% F, 54.5% M. The study showed that blood group B was more common among the students

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus in health care worker [paramedical staff] of tertiary care hospital

Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem throughout the world. Viruses, which can lead viral hepatitis, are hepatitis A virus [HAV], Hepatitis B virus [HBV], Hepatitis C virus [HCV], hepatitis D virus [delta antigen], Hepatitis E virus [HEV] and hepatitis G virus [HGV]. To see the frequency of hepatitis B and C in paramedical staff [Nurses, Dispensers and laboratory workers] of tertiary care hospital. This Descriptive study was conducted among paramedical staff during the period from April 2003 to July 2005. A total of 200 cases from paramedical staff was included in the study. After taking permission or consent a proforma was filled for each volunteer about any history of previous surgery, blood transfusion, accidental needle prick. Blood samples were collected from these staff. A total number of subjects who were studied from April 2003 to July 2005. Out of which 150 were nurses, 25 were dispensers and 25 were laboratory workers. HBV positive cases in 50 males and 150 females. Anti HCV was detected in 50 males and 150 females. A campaign to discourage unnecessary injection therapy and intravenous drips must be started and public should be given awareness of their danger. Moreover public should also be instructed to avoid tattooing, ear and nose piercing and circumcision by formal barbers