Postmenopausal women; atherosclerotic risk factors

Postmenopausal women are more prone to develop cardiac morbidity due to exhaustive production of estrogens. Postmenopausal women may have 3-4 fold greater risk of atherosclerosis after a natural menopause. To find correlation between biochemical and physical parameters after the onset of menopause and their effects on disease process in the postmenopausal women. Prospective Study. PGMI Lahore. Period: From Jan 2000 to Oct 2000. 75 subjects were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups i.e. premenopausal [control], early postmenopausal and late postmenopausal groups. Their physical parameters like weight, waist to hip ratio [WHR] and blood pressure were taken. Biochemical parameters, like cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] were estimated by commercial scientific kits. Biochemical parameters were mostly non-significant changed [P > 0.05] while physical parameters were deviated significantly [P < 0.001] when comparisons were made between mean values of various study groups. Even at normal values of lipid profile, the postmenopausal women are at risk of developing atherosclerotic lesions because of hypertension, obesity, exhaustive production of estrogen and android type of body fat distribution

Bacteriology of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is the most common non neoplastic cause of death among hepatobiliary and digestive diseases. Ascites is often among the first signs of de-compensation in patients with chronic liver disease. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis [SBP] [with out any source of infection] occurs in 30% of patients with ascites. Common causative organisms include escherichia coli, pneumococcus, Klebsiella and anaerobes. It has a 25% mortality and recurs in 70% of patients within a year. To determine the pathological agents causing SBP in patients with liver cirrhosis. Descriptive study. Medical Ward Allied and K.M. Hospitals Faisalabad. From 17 Nov 2004 to 15 May 2005. Fifty patients of either sex having cirrhosis of liver and ascites were included according to the criteria i.e ascitic fluid leukocyte count of >500 cells/L or >250 PMN, while results of bacterial cultures of ascitic fluid were pending. Out of 5 0 patients, 27 [54%] were males and 23 [46%] females. Mean age of whole the population was found to be 51 +/- 12.49] yrs. Classical spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was present in 27 patients and Culture Negative Neutrocytic Ascites [CN NA] in 23[46%] patients. Out of 50 patients, 27[54%] samples of ascitic fluid showed positive culture reports. E Coli was isolated in 9[18%] cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae in 6 [12%], streptococcus pneumoniae 4 [8%], staphylococcus aureus 2 [4%], pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 [4%]. Acinobacter 2 [4%] and proteus mirabilis 2 [4%]. E. Coli is the commonest organism followed by klebsiella pneumoniae

Pattern of dyslipidemia CRF in patients with CRF

[1]To find the pattern of dyslipidemias in patients with CRF. [2.]To compare the results with international studies. Prospective observational study. In Medical Unit I, II, III and Nephrology ward of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. [06 Months] From: Nov 2004 to April 2005. Allied Hospital is a teaching hospital attached with Punjab Medical College Faisalabad having 1100 beds. Chronic renal failure, a very common disease, is accompanied by many complications. One of such complications is abnormality of lipids. The lipids are disturbed in a characteristic manner. This disturbed lipid pattern predisposes the patients to atherosclerotic complications and increased mortality due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. Present study was conducted to determine the pattern of dyslipidemias in patients of CRF.50 patients diagnosed to have CRF were subjected to fasting lipid profile, irrespective of cause and sex. Maximum patients had elevated triglyceride levels [46%]. A considerable percentage [16%] had decreased HDL levels and a small percentage had elevated LDL [4%]. Total lipids were found to be elevated in 04 patients [8%]. All the patients with elevated total lipid were suffering from diabetes mellitus. Total cholesterol was elevated in 08 patients [16%]. This disturbed lipid pattern has role in atherosclerosis. The patients of CRF who are already having disturbed endothelial function are more prone to it

Common sore throat; cost effective treatment with oxytetracycline in general practice

Common sore throat is very common problem in general practice in our country and especially in our city where smoke and dust is a big problem [these are two major allergens for throat and nose] Fifty patients suffering from common sore throat treated with oxytetracycline for 5 days, all of them were free from symptoms after this treatment. I compared the total cost of treatment of this very common problem treated with oxytetracycline and other antibiotics commonly used for this disease in general practice. There is a big difference of cost, when treated with oxytetracycline for this disease