Tetanus: a killer disease which can de prevented

Tetanus is a serious problem which follows injuries, accidents, surgery, injections and sometimes no obvious cause. In civilized communities it has been almost eradicated with adequate immunization. Illiteracy, poverty and lack of awareness are the main reasons for higher incidence of tetanus in third world countries. Proper immunization of the whole population, adequate management of injuries and by adopting the hygienic measures we can get rid of this highly fatal but preventable disease

Comparison of the health care facilities available in the government and private sector

The health care conditions are unsatisfactory in poor and politically unstable countries. The health care of the community depends upon the availability of properly qualified medical personal, the socio economical status of the community, literacy standard of the community and adequate management of health care system. The developed countries have higher socio-economic standards, better literacy level and adequate management systems. These countries are unable to provide free medical aid to whole of their community. It is just not possible to do so. The authorities in developing and under developed countries try to offer free medical aid but cannot possibly provide it. It is not economically possible under the available circumstances. To investigate and compare the facilities available at government and private hospitals and attitude of the patients towards these facilities. DESIGN: Case study SETTING: Government and Private hospitals at Faisalabad SUBJECTS: One hundred patients from hospitals of Faisalabad, Fifty from government hospitals and fifty from private hospitals. Poor patients with larger families attended government hospitals at higher rate. The rich patients with smaller families attended private hospitals in greater number. The government hospital patients were dissatisfied with various services provided by the hospital. The private hospital patients were satisfied with majority of the services provided by the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: [1] Government can not provide 100% free health care services under the existing circumstances. [2] Adequate medical [health care] assistance can be provided. [3] Good health care management is very economical and achieves better results. [4] Health education of the community is essential to improve the health care system of a country

Malignant melanoma an unpredictable challenge

Malignant melanoma is a rare disease in Pakistan but is very common in Europe, Australia and North America. Understanding of the tumour biology and screening of population has improved the diagnostic approach, treatment skills and prognosis. Inspite of all the progress, it still remains a number one killer due to cutaneous malignancy. The struggle for better management continues

Oral cholecystography

Oral cholecystography has been a simple, economical, least invasive and highly effective method of investigating the gall bladder problems. It has been extensively used as a first line investigation for gall bladder disease during last six decades. The ultrasound has made this investigation a recent history. Oral cholecystography is still required and used in the patients with negative and inconclusive ultrasound examination

Sepsis syndrome [SS] [a hard nut] Bacteraemic shock, endotoxic shock, septic shock, septic shock syndrome, toxic shock syndrome [TSS], toxic shock like syndrome [TSLS]

Sepsis syndrome is a common and difficult problem with higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Different names have been given to the same syndrome. A better understanding of its pathophysiology and role of cytokines have improved the management. It is still a challenge for the physicians who look after the critically ill patients

Intravenous urography [IVU] Intravenous pyelography

Intravenous Urography is a common, extremely useful and freely available urinary investigation. In our part of the world it is poorly named, poorly understood, poorly performed and poorly interpreted. Its skill can be mastered easily. It can achieve excellent results and one can avoid more invasive urinary investigations such as retrograde pyelography

Drug addiction, its prevalence, trends and assessment of harmful effects

Drug addiction has been a serious social problems from time immemorial. On one side, the world is very much aware of its problems and is committed to uproot this problem. On the other side, the groups of underworld have become more organized for quick financial gains. The methods of drug distribution are also becoming highly scientific. A whole lot of underworld has developed over years which is involved in drug trafficking. The drug abusers have been found in people of all nations and countries. Some nations have been involved in addiction as a whole such as Chinese opium addiction is well known to every one. The civilization is developing and the quality of drugs for abuse is also improving. The effects of these drugs are far from acceptable. Psychiatric problems are a major factor for drug addiction and its harmful effects