Mortality in meconium aspiration syndrome in hospitalized babies

To determine the outcome of the babies in terms of mortality with the diagnosis of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome [MAS]. An observational study. The Neonatal Unit of Services Institute of Medical Sciences and Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from February 2008 to January 2009. All the babies admitted to the neonatal unit during the period of study with the diagnosis of MAS were included. At admission, demographic, maternal, antenatal and natal data were recorded on a specific form. The progress of the baby, including need for ventilation, medications, complications and outcome were also followed and documented. One hundred and nine babies admitted with MAS, 32% died. Most of the babies [n=73] were admitted from our obstetrical unit and the rest through the emergency department. Majority [60 of 109] were admitted within the 1st hour of life. Most [14 of 15] of the newborns requiring intubation within 1st hour of life, died. Forty four babies were ventilated and 35 of these babies succumbed. Of ventilated babies, 11 developed pneumothoraces. Seventy two percent [13 out of 18] of expired babies stayed for less than 24 hours. Mortality rate for MAS was higher in the study group as compared to international figures. It was especially high in babies requiring mechanical ventilation in 1st hour of life or with co-existing severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Aplastic anaemia in children

Aplastic anaemia is a hematological disorder characterized by pancytopenia resulting from early stem cell deficiency. Chemical exposure, medicines, viral infections and immunodeficiency are the aetiological factors responsible. This study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from January 1994 to December 1995. Out of 40 children 26 were boys and 14 were girls with median age of 8 years. An association with history of drug intake was present in 32/40 patients The most common relationship was seen with chloramphenicol [40%]. Pallor [47%], bleeding tendency [62%] and prolonged fever [42%] were the most common symptoms and anemia [100%], mucosal bleed [50%] and ecchymoses [37%] commonest signs. All patients had pancytopenia, reduced reticulocyte count and prolonged bleeding time. In this study secondary aplastic anemia was seen more commonly than idiopathic variety and the most common agent responsible was chloramphenicol