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Aims: Our study was carried out to appraise the phytochemical screening and antioxidant potentials of Sonneratia caseolaris (Linn.) bark extracts. Study Design: For the purpose of this experiment the extracts were subjected for an in-vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in August 2014 in the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: The various fractions of Sonneratia caseolaris (Linn.) barks as Ethanolic (ETF), ethyl acetate (EAF), chloroform(CLF) and pet ether (PTF) fractions-were obtained after extraction were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The antioxidant capacity of these fractions were evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay .Total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ETF, EAF, CLF and PTF extracts of S. caseolaris were determined. Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid, steroid, tannin compounds in large amounts. In DPPH scavenging assay among the extracts, ethanolic fractions exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 4.57 μg /ml .The highest phenolic content was found in EAF extracts (63.00 mg of GAE / g. of dried extract) followed by CLF (36.25 mg of GAE / g. of dried extract) and PTF (26.28 mg of GAE /g. of dried extract). The highest total antioxidant activity was also found in ETF fraction (185 GAE/g of dried sample followed by EAF fraction (99.00GAE/g of dried sample), PTF (84.00 GAE/g of dried sample) and Chloroform (49.00 GAE/g of dried sample). Conclusion: Our result demonstrates that all the extractives of S. caseolaris have appreciable antioxidant activities. But, further study is necessary to isolate the active compounds.
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Objectives: Youngia japonica (YJA), belonging to the family asteraceae, exhibits strong antiallergic, antioxidant and antitumor activities. The present study was carried out to assess the antioxidant potentials, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activities of different fractions of YJA plant extracts. Study Design: For the purpose of this experiment the different plant extracts were subjected for an in-vitro and in-vivo study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out on March 2015 in the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: The antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate (EA), pet ether (PET) and chloroform(CLF) extracts of YJA were investigated for free radical scavenging activity using DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of different extracts were determined spectroscopically. Analgesic activity was evaluated by using acetic acid induced writhing, formalin test and eddy’s hot plate method. Extracts of YJA were also investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced hind paw edema model. The CNS depressant activity was evaluated by hole cross test. Results: In DPPH scavenging assay, CLF exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 9.70 μg/ml). In case of hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, EA extracts showed the most significant activity (IC50 15.09 µg/ml). This result was in line up with the total phenolic content where EA extracts possessed the highest amount of it (43.92 mg of GAE / gm. of dried extract). Moreover, the highest total antioxidant activity was also found in EA fraction (109.30 GAE/gm of dried sample) that rationalizes the previous outcome. All fractions significantly (p<0.01) reduced the writhing and the number of licking in a dose dependent manner (100 and 200 mg/kg). The Extracts also showed significant (p<0.001) inhibition of carrageenan induced paw edema. A statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease in locomotor activity was also observed. Conclusion: The result demonstrates that the YJA has appreciable antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activities.
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Demographic study of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and drug utilization in population is the basis for assessment of cardiovascular disease management. Aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of CVDs with drug utilization and current trends in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional type of descriptive study was carried out at the outdoor of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka from July’09 to August’09. A total of 780 patients, who acquiesce with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were interviewed with structured questionnaire and followed up by prescription monitoring. Out of the total patients with a male, female ratio of 5.3: 4.7, 45.90% patients were over 55 years and 69.62% patients had come from urban area. The patients had lipid level disorder (47.05%), hypertension (28.05%), heart failure (27.25%), ischaemic heart disease (21.55%) and 40.39% were associated with diabetes. Individual patient got 6.35 ± 1.56 no. of drug of different class of which most frequently prescribed drugs were antiatherogenic (97.67%), lipid lowering agents (95.35%), antianginal (79.07%), beta-blockers (51.16%), ACE inhibitors (30.23%), diuretics (37.21%), anxiolytics (81.4%) etc. This data may be propitious for the general physicians for optimizing rational use of cardiovascular drugs and also accessible in formulating strategy for effective cardiovascular disease management.
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Inflammation is characterized by redness, pain and swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that reduce inflammation. It has been found that conventional synthetic NSAIDs accelerate damage and erosion of joint cartilage, advancing the osteoarthritis process. These NSAIDs are also known to cause liver and kidney damage with long-term use. Experimental research have shown that the use of proven natural anti-inflammatory herbal agents have not been shown to cause erosion injury to the intestinal tract, acceleration of cartilage destruction or production of liver and kidney toxicities. This enables practitioners to use these substances in a safe and responsible way. In this overview the medicinal plants reported to have antiinflammatory activity available in Bangladesh are summarized to assess the research advancements.
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Triterpenoids and phytosteroids from stem bark of Crataeva nurvala buch ham.