ABSTRACT
Objective of the present study was to carry out the physicochemical and phytochemicals standardization of Lepidium sativum Lseeds to establish the standard pharmacognostical parameters of this valuable medicinal plant. Many standardization parameters of Lepidium sativum were analyzed. Standard method was adopted for the preliminary phytochemicals screening. Analysis of pesticides residues, aflatoxin & heavy metals were also performed. The sections of seeds were prepared for quantitative microscopic parameters. The air dried powdered plant material was subjected for determination of physicochemical standardizations like ash value, Extractive value and fluorescence nature of the powder drug using light of short and longwavelength of 254nm and 366nm respectively. Phytochemical screening was performed for the identification of phytoconstituents in the plant which was helpful in the development of analytical profile. The morphological and microscopic examinations of drug were revealed the presence of endosperm cell which are polygonal in shape and contain alerone grains and oil droplet, cell of testa, yellow colouring matter and starch grains. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, saponins and lipids in the drug extract and flourescence nature of drug was confirmed by fluorescence analysis in different solvent. Concentrations of heavy metals,ash value and extractive value were determined and found within acceptable Pharmacopoeial limits. Pesticides residues and aflatoxins were also determined but not detected in the tested samples. The physicochemical and phytochemical standards which are outcome of this research may be utilized as substantial data for identification and standardization of L. sativum seed.
ABSTRACT
Objective of the present study was to carry out the physicochemical and phytochemicals standardization of Lepidium sativum L seeds to establish the standard pharmacognostical parameters of this valuable medicinal plant. Many standardization parameters of Lepidium sativum were analyzed. Standard method was adopted for the preliminary phytochemicals screening. Analysis of pesticides residues, aflatoxin & heavy metals were also performed. The sections of seeds were prepared for quantitative microscopic parameters. The air dried powdered plant material was subjected for determination of physicochemical standardizations like ash value, Extractive value and fluorescence nature of the powder drug using light of short and long wavelength of 254nm and 366nm respectively. Phytochemical screening was performed for the identification of phytoconstituents in the plant which was helpful in the development of analytical profile. The morphological and microscopic examinations of drug were revealed the presence of endosperm cell which are polygonal in shape and contain alerone grains and oil droplet, cell of testa, yellow colouring matter and starch grains. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, saponins and lipids in the drug extract and flourescence nature of drug was confirmed by fluorescence analysis in different solvent. Concentrations of heavy metals,ash value and extractive value were determined and found within acceptable Pharmacopoeial limits. Pesticides residues and aflatoxins were also determined but not detected in the tested samples. The physicochemical and phytochemical standards which are outcome of this research may be utilized as substantial data for identifica-tion and standardization of L. sativum seed.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To express a cost efficacious and environment friendly method for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Catharanthus roseus var. alba (C. roseus var. alba) callus extract. Methodology: The aqueous solution of sliver nitrate containing Ag+ ions (1 mM) are integrating 100 μL of aqueous extract of callus of C. roseus var. alba and 10 mL of 1% w/v aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol 4000 to 90 mL. This was then alkalized with 0.1 NaOH (20 μL) and treated in a microwave oven (800 W) for 40 sec for the reduction of metal ion and the reaction takes place at room temperature (250C). The reduction of the Ag+ ions by aqueous callus extract of C. roseus var. alba in the solutions was monitored by UV–Visible spectrum and further characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Antibacterial activity was assessed on bacterial strain of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) by using the disc-diffusion assay method. Results: Characterization of AgNPs was done DLS, TEM and XRD methods. The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) showed the particle size distribution of the AgNPs synthesized from C. roseus var. alba callus extract was found 86.95 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) value of = 0.304. TEM images showed the formation of AgNPs with an average size of 10 nm to 20 nm. And the XRD analysis showed that the AgNPs were crystalline in nature with face-centered-cubic (FCC). For the assessment of antibacterial activity the concentration of AgNPs 25 μL, 50 μL, 100 μL and 150 μL were used against both the bacterial strain S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, the zone of inhibition found 4 mm, 7 mm, 16 mm and 23 mm as well as 5 mm, 9 mm, 19 mm and 26 mm respectively. Conclusions: Aseptically engendered callus of C. roseus var. alba demonstrates vigorous potential for synthesis of silver nanoparticles by rapid reduction of Ag+ to Ag. The biologically synthesized AgNPs showed more preponderant antibacterial effect against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop a simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate stability-indicating high performance thin-layer chromatographic method for analysis of curcumin (the main active constituent of turmeric). Methods: The separation was achieved on TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 using toluene-chloroform-methanol (5:4:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. Densitometric analysis was performed at 430 nm. Results: This system was found to have compact spot of curcumin at RF value of (0.31±0.02). For the proposed procedure, linearity (r2= 0.99354 ± 0.00120), limit of detection (50 ng/spot), limit of quantification (200 ng/spot), recovery (ranging from 98.35% - 100.68%), and precision (≤2.25%) were found to be satisfactory. Statistical analysis reveals that the content of curcumin in different geographical region varied significantly.Conclusions:The highest and lowest concentration of curcumin in Turmeric was found to be present in sample of Erode (Tamilnadu) and Surat (Gujrat) respectively which inferred that the variety of turmeric found in Erode (Tamilnadu) is much superior to other region of India.