ABSTRACT
An outbreak of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) occurred in Calcutta between September and December, 1990. Children and young adults were the major victims. Haemorrhagic manifestations and shocks were the main features in most of the hospitalised cases. Five mouse pathogenic agents were isolated from 105 acute cases and all were identified as DEN-3. HI and CF test with 55 paired sera revealed evidence of dengue infection in 33 (60 per cent) and flavivirus group reaction including dengue in 17 (30.9 per cent). It was for the first time, that DEN-3 was considered to be the etiologic agent for DHF in Calcutta.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Biological Assay , Child , Child, Preschool , Complement Fixation Tests , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue Virus/classification , Disease Outbreaks , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Population Surveillance , Serotyping , Urban PopulationSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Sepsis/diagnosisABSTRACT
An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) was reported from Rourkela city for the first time in September-November 1989. 41 cases and 15 deaths occurred with a case fatality rate of 36.6 per cent. Most of the cases (66 per cent) were in the age group of 5-19 years. There was no case under 5 years. Female-male ratio of cases was 1:1.7. Serological examination of convalescent cases showed JE specific IgM indicating strong evidence of recent JE infection. Large number of pigs were seen in the affected areas.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Encephalitis, Japanese/epidemiology , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Recurrent epidemics of encephalitis in Nagaland, a North-Eastern State of India, following its first appearance in 1985, were investigated both epidemiologically and virologically. Although, no viral agent could be isolated from any of the clinical samples and mosquitoes, detection of JE specific IgM antibodies in many of the CSF and acute blood samples, together with presence of HI and CF antibodies to JE antigen in a number of acute and convalescent sera established the etiologic role of JE virus in this region. A total number of 83 clinically diagnosed cases could only be investigated virologically between 1985-89, where evidence of JE could be established in 34 (40.9 per cent) and flavivirus (including JE in majority) in 17 (21.5 per cent) cases. A limited serological survey among the close contacts of the victims in 1985 revealed JE antibody in 26.6 per cent of them. Analysis of the epidemiological and serological findings of different years revealed that while the outbreaks of 1985, 1987 and 1988 were due to JE infection, the episodes of 1986 and 1989, on the other hand, had chiefly features of high and prolonged fever with limited number of CNS involvement of undetermined origin, where the possibility of malarial infection has been a suspect apart from JE etiology.