ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of present study is to investigate the influence of a spinal gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor on a central regulation of blood pressure(BP) and heart rate(HR), and to define its mechanism in the spinal cord. METHODS: In urethane-anesthetized, d-tubocurarine- paralyzed and artificially ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats, intrathecal administration of drugs were carried out using injecton cannula(33-gauge stainless steel) through the guide cannula(PE 10) which was inserted intrathecally at lower thoracic level through the puncture of a atlantooccipital membrane. RESULTS: Intrathecal injection of an GABAB receptor agonist baclofen(30, 60, 100 nmol) decreased both blood pressure and heart rate dose-dependently. Pretreatment with 8-bromo-cAMP(50 nmol), a cAMP analog or glipizide(50 nmol), a ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker attenuated the depressor and bradycardic effects of baclofen (100 nmol) but not with 8-bromo-cGMP(50 nmol) a cGMP analog. CONCLUSIONS: The GABAB receptor in the spinal cord plays an inhibitory role in central cardiovascular regulation and that this depressor and bradycardic actions are mediated by the decrease of cAMP via the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and the opening of K+ channel.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Adenylyl Cyclases , Baclofen , Blood Pressure , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , Heart , Heart Rate , Injections, Spinal , Membranes , Punctures , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal CordABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prophylactic antibiotics are used in an attempt to avoid the septic complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). But, there is individual tendency to choose prophylactic antibiotics due to a lack of definite guidelines for prophylactic antibiotics. Therefore, the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin to prevent post ERCP infectious complications was evaluated. METHODS: One hundred patients underwent 75 diagnostic ERCPs and 25, therapeutic ERCPs. They were classified randomly into a group of 51 prophylaxis (ciprofloxacin 200 mg i.v. 30 min before the procedure) and 49 controls. Pre- and post-ERCP blood cultures were prospectively performed and surveyed for infectious complications. RESULTS: Sepsis was detected in 4 patients in each group (p>0.05). Two cases were related to diagnostic ERCP and the remaining six cases, therapeutic ERCP (p<0.01). Bacteremia was found in 6 cases, but only two cases (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii) were clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of sepsis following ERCP was not significantly reduced by antibiotic prophylaxis (7.8% vs. 8.2%).