Evaluation of protein C and protein S in young patients with thrombosis

The current study aims to evaluate protein C and protein S levels in young patients with thrombosis and compare our results with others in surrounding countries. The measurement of protein C, total protein S, and free protein S were done for one hundred young patients [younger than thirty years] who had thromboembolic disease either deep venous thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], acute myocardial infarction [AMI], or stroke who were referred to Ibn-Sina and Al-Salam Teaching Hospitals in Mosul between December 2009 and December 2011. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound with Doppler, magnetic resonance imagining [MRI], electrocardiography [ECG], cardiac enzymes, and angiography according to the case. Family history was taken to establish a familial occurrence of thrombosis. The measurement was done by enzyme linked immunoassay using kits from HELENA. Protein C deficiency was detected in 4 cases [4%], female to male ratio was 3:1, and their ages ranged from 16 to 28 year with a mean of 21 years. About 50% of the protein C deficient patients were presented in the form of deep venous thrombosis, 25% as stroke and 25% as acute myocardial infarction. Free protein S deficiency was detected in 6 cases [6%], with female to male ratio of 1:1. Their ages were in the range of 14-30 years with a mean of 22 years. About 33.3% of the protein S deficient subjects had repeated deep venous thrombosis, 33.3% had pulmonary embolisms, 16.7%had strokes, and 16.7%had deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms. It appears from this study that protein C and protein S deficiency play a role in young patients with thromboembolic disease. Screening tests for PC and PS should be done in young subjects less than thirty years with thromboembolic disease in our locality because the diagnosis of these deficiencies has a clinical implication for the prevention of recurrent thromboembolic illness. The incidence was comparable to the surrounding areas

Chromosomal changes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Mosul

To determine the most chromosomal abnormalities seen in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [CALL] in Mosul, and to evaluate the correlations between clinical haematological and chromosomal abnormalities in CALL. Clinical notes, haematological parameters and cytogenetic analysis were studied for all patients. Cases were collected from oncology unit at Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital [ATH] in Mosul. The frequency of normal karyotype was [42.9%] while the frequency of pseudodiploidy, hyperdiploidy and hypodiploidy were [8.5%], [28.6%] and [20%], respectively. Cases with hyperdiploidy had significantly low Total Leukocyte Count [TLC], higher platelet count with [P<0.001], [P<0.05], respectively. Massive Hepato-Splenomegaly [MHS] was seen mainly in hypodiploidy group [P<0.01]. Normal karyotype was commonly seen in CALL in Mosul followed by hyperdiploidy. Good prognostic parameters were mainly seen in cases with hyperdiploidy

Hemostatic defects of menorrhagia. [A prospective clinicohematological study]

To identify patients with menorrhagia due to underlying hemostatic disorder whether primary or secondary. A prospective clinico - hematological case series study. As-Salam, Al-Batool and Ibn Sina Teaching Hospitals over a period of 3 years [January 2000-January 2003]. 500 females with menorrhagia. - Basic hematological procedures, coagulation tests [including prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT] and skin bleeding time [BT] and bone marrow study in certain cases. Menorrhagic patients were divided into 3 groups: Group I: included 400 females [80%], all had menorrhagea due to local diseases. Group II: included 32 patients [6.4%] who showed evidences of hemostatic defects. There were 12 cases of Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura [ITP], 4 cases of leukemia, 1 case of Burkitt lymphoma of the uterus and 2 cases of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. In addition prolongation of BT and APTT was found in [15.6%], prolongation of APTT alone in 8 cases [25%]. Group III: included 68 patients [13.6%] with no identifiable local or hemostatic pathology. Group II patients were significantly younger than those of group I [P < 0.005]. Hemostatic disorders are important causes of menorrhagia particularly in young females

Haemolytic disease of the newborn

Ninty two patients were included in this study, 6 Groups -were identified. ABO HDN [Group I, n=38]. Rh HDN [Group H, n=17], HDN due to G6PD deficiency [Group Ill. n=23], HDN of undetermined aetiology [Group IV, n=10], Hereditary spherocytosis [Group V, n= 1] and [Group VI, n=5] HDN due to combined pathology. Detailed clinical, haematological and serological tests were studied and compared between different groups and with other studies