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Background: Extra pulmonary TB accounts for 15% of all TB cases. Its incidence is much higher about 50% in HIV positive patients. Tuberculous pleurisy is present in around 4% of all TB cases2. Tuberculosis is always the leading etiology of pleural effusions in the developing countries3. Aims and Objectives: We have lot of investigations to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis like sputum AFB, CBNAAT, LPA. These tests have some limitations in pleural fluid. So we are in need of a better test for diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion especially in high burden countries like India. Methods: In this study we have evaluated the usefulness of ADA level in pleural fluid for diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion. This study conducted from May 2017 to June 2018. Conclusion: This is a case control study done in a tertiary care center in Varanasi included 100 cases (Tuberculous pleural effusion) and 100 controls (Non Tuberculous pleural effusion).
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Background: Carbapenem resistance in Gram Negative Bacilli is an emerging threat in tertiary care centers which is mediated by Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzyme. As per the National committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), still does not have documented standard procedure from there several screening methods to detect their enzyme. Some subcontinents of India still awaiting to see prevalence and screening methods to detect enzyme which is responsible for Carbapenem Resistance. Aim: The present study was undertaken to early detection of MBL by screening methods in Gram Negative Bacilli isolated from hospital and the prevalence MBL production in carbapenem resistant bacterial isolates. Materials and methods: 176 consecutive different Gram Negative Bacilli (GNB) isolated from hospitalized patients which were tested antimicrobial susceptibility for different antibiotics including Carbapenem drugs as Imipenem by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion (CLSI 2010) and screening of Metallo-β-lactamase production by method as Imipenem- EDTA combined disc synergy test (ICDST) and Imipenem-Double Disc Synergy Test (I-DDST) which determine the MBL by zone size enhancement with EDTA Impregnated Imipenem. Munesh Kumar Sharma, Dakshina Bisht, Shekhar Pal. Detection of Metallo-β-lactamase producing Gram Negative Bacteria in clinical isolates in Tertiary care Hospital - A prospective study. IAIM, 2019; 6(4): 107-111. Page 108 Results: Out of 176 Gram Negative Bacilli, 20.45% (n=36) of isolates were resistance to Imipenem by disc diffusion method and 94.44% (n=34) by DDST EDTA impregnated Imipenem and 88.89% (n=32) showed enhancement of zone size ≥7 mm with EDTA impregnated Imipenem CDST. Imipenem susceptible bacteria strains did not show any enhancement with EDTA impregnated antibiotic disc. Conclusion: Critically ill patient’s therapy is cause of concern for MBL mediated imipenem resistance gram Negative Bacilli. Two methods used for supplementary support in treatment of patients. In both methods of detection DDST is more effective.
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Introduction: Injury is a major, preventable public health problem in terms of morbidity, premature mortality or disability. This study aims to assess the epidemiology of injury in patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in northern India. Materials and Methods: Observational, Descriptive, secondary data based study of injury patients admitted in surgical emergency department of Government Medical College Hospital Chandigarh from July 2009 to June 2010. Results: Out of these total 7222 patients, 4129(57.2%) were of Road Traffic Accident (RTA) and 22.8% were of Assault. Male were at high risk of RTA. Although, overall males were at higher risk of assault but middle aged women were at higher risk than their counterparts. For ‘fall ‘females were at high risk. Assault cases were more prevalent during summer, while RTA cases were more prevalent during winter season and fall during rainy season were reportedly more. Majority (33.0%) of RTA injury was in the age group of 20-39 years (most productive age) and in the age group of <10 years falls were most common (56.0% of all injury).
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The article reported the regeneration potential and community structure of natural forest site in Gangotri, Uttarakhand. A total of seven tree species were recorded from the site. Among the trees, Picea smithiana was the dominant and Cedrus deodara was found co-dominant species. However, the highest [240 trees/ha] density was reported for Pinus wallichiana while least number of individuals [30 trees/ha] were recorded for Acer caesium and Pinus wallichiana. In tree layer the most of the species [65.16%] were distributed contagiously and few [34.84%] were distributed randomly. However, none of the species should regular distribution pattern. Artemesia gamillinea and Cotoneaster gilgitansis were the most and least dominant shrub species respectively. All species of shrub layer were distributed contagiously [100%]. In the seedling stage, maximum number was observed for Pinus wallichiana [1080 seedling/ha] followed by Picea smithiana [1040 seedling/ha] which was recorded just after in sapling stage, because it shows more survival rate of Picea smithiana [600 sapling/ha] as compared to Pinus wallichiana [520 sapling/ha]. As far as regeneration status was concerned, 71.4% species showed good regeneration, 14.3% species were facing the problem of poor regeneration whereas, only 14.3% species were not regenerating