ABSTRACT
Background: Indonesia faces the problem of stunting in children under five years by 24.4%. Boys aged 3 years with severe stunting have 15.0 points lower reading ability and girls have 11.0 points compared to mild stunting, resulting in a decrease in intelligence (IQ), so that learning achievement becomes low. Objective was to obtain information on the role of specific interventions to prevent stunting in children under five years in the first thousand days of life. Methods: Case-control design analytical research, in the stunted locus area, Jagakarsa Subdistrict, South Jakarta, Special area of the capital Jakarta Indonesia from 1 to 30 September 2021. Case samples of all stunting in children under five years and controls were normal height children who were matched for age and sex with 28 children each. The inclusion criteria in this research were ages 6-59 while the exclusion criteria in this research were toddler who had physical disabilities. Results: Variables that showed a significant relationship with stunting in children under five years (p<0.05) were the length of a baby at birth (p=0.005) OR 4.958 (95%CI: 1.529-15.987), maternal height (0.002) OR 5.727 (95%CI: 1.765-18.507), father’s education p=0.006 OR 5.169 (95%CI:1.520-17.580, and family income (p=0.012) OR 9.800 (95%CI: 1.116-86.041. Conclusions: Babies born <48.0 cm are at risk of 12.306 times of becoming stunting after controlling for variables such as maternal height, father’s education, energy intake, protein, iron, colds, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding for pregnant women and children and early initiation of breastfeeding.
ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) is one of the malnutrition problems that often occurs in pregnant, caused by lack of energy in a long period of time. One of the effects of pregnant suffering from CED is to increase the risk of maternal and short baby mortality.Method: The study was conducted in 8 villages of Kemranjen Subdistrict, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia in 2019. A cross sectional research design with population is that has pregnant. A sample of 130 pregnant was taken incidentally, with inclusion criteria that be able to do interviews and anthropometric measurements, while as the exclusion criterion was that pregnant were suffering from illness that could not be measured.Results: Most of the age was over 30 years and 9.2% suffered from CED. Nutrient intake is mostly less than 80.0% of the nutrition adequacy rate (RDA). The average intake of macro nutrients is 28.05%, the average micronutrient intake is 27.70%. Most graduated were from high school, worked as housewives, consumed supplements, additional food, and added blood tablets and drank milk, suffered from upper respiratory infections (ARI), high blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus, did not get complete immunizations.Conclusion: There were no significant differences in CED based on energy intake (p=1.00), protein intake (p=1.00), fat intake (p=0.179) and carbohydrate intake (p=0.460), work status (p=0.216) and education (p=0.553) and consuming additional food (p=0.225).